@article{0c426d0663854c67bc3a114a4b57f3bd,
title = "Whole-animal connectomes of both Caenorhabditis elegans sexes",
abstract = "Knowledge of connectivity in the nervous system is essential to understanding its function. Here we describe connectomes for both adult sexes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, an important model organism for neuroscience research. We present quantitative connectivity matrices that encompass all connections from sensory input to end-organ output across the entire animal, information that is necessary to model behaviour. Serial electron microscopy reconstructions that are based on the analysis of both new and previously published electron micrographs update previous results and include data on the male head. The nervous system differs between sexes at multiple levels. Several sex-shared neurons that function in circuits for sexual behaviour are sexually dimorphic in structure and connectivity. Inputs from sex-specific circuitry to central circuitry reveal points at which sexual and non-sexual pathways converge. In sex-shared central pathways, a substantial number of connections differ in strength between the sexes. Quantitative connectomes that include all connections serve as the basis for understanding how complex, adaptive behavior is generated.",
author = "Cook, {Steven J.} and Jarrell, {Travis A.} and Brittin, {Christopher A.} and Yi Wang and Bloniarz, {Adam E.} and Yakovlev, {Maksim A.} and Nguyen, {Ken C.Q.} and Tang, {Leo T.H.} and Bayer, {Emily A.} and Duerr, {Janet S.} and B{\"u}low, {Hannes E.} and Oliver Hobert and Hall, {David H.} and Emmons, {Scott W.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank A. Barrios and B. Kim for comments on the manuscript; J. Koehler for comments on the statistical analysis; J. Hodgkin and J. White for their help in lending the electron microscopy archives from MRC/LMB for long-term curation at the Hall laboratory. M. Bernstein tested the fertility of males for the N930 reconstruction. M. Xu computationally aligned EM images. C. Crocker created the interactive version of Fig. 1 and formatted figures throughout. This work was supported by NIH grants from NINDS (F31NS096863 to E.A.B.; R01NS096672 to H.E.B.; R37NS039996 to O.H.), NIHD (P30HD071593 to S.W.E.), NIMH (R01MH112689 to S.W.E.), NIGMS (T32GM00749 1 to S.J.C.; R01GM066897 to S.W.E.), NINCDS (R15N548916 to J.S.D) and the Office of the NIH Director (OD 010943 to D.H.H.), and by the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation (S.W.E.). L.T.-H.T. is a Croucher Foundation Research Fellow. H.E.B. is an Irma T. Hirschl/Monique Weill-Caullier Research Fellow. O.H. is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Some nematode strains were provided by the CGC, which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 0D010440).",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
day = "4",
doi = "10.1038/s41586-019-1352-7",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "571",
pages = "63--71",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "7763",
}