Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody-mediated syndromes: A spectrum of clinical manifestations

Immune-related neurologic disorders have long been recognized. A number of specific targets have been identified, including neurons, Purkinje cells, and pre- and postsynaptic receptors. Over the past decade, antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) have been reported in a number of neurologic syndromes, such as neuromyotonia, limbic encephalitis, and Morvan's syndrome. Recent advances have supported the pathologic mechanism of VGKC in these disorders, their response to therapy, and the possible mechanisms of peripheral, central, and autonomic dysfunctions seen in these disorders. We present a patient with 1 of these syndromes and review the literature of these disorders.