TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin D and calcium supplementation and one-year change in mammographic density in the women's health initiative calcium and vitamin D trial
AU - Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth R.
AU - McTiernan, Anne
AU - Thomson, Cynthia A.
AU - Wactawski-Wende, Jean
AU - Aragaki, Aaron K.
AU - Rohan, Thomas E.
AU - Vitolins, Mara Z.
AU - Tamimi, Rulla M.
AU - Johnson, Karen C.
AU - Lane, Dorothy
AU - Rexrode, Kathryn M.
AU - Peck, Jennifer D.
AU - Chlebowski, Rowan T.
AU - Sarto, Gloria
AU - Manson, Jo Ann E.
PY - 2012/3
Y1 - 2012/3
N2 - Background: Calcium and vitamin D may be inversely related to breast cancer risk, in part by affecting mammographic density. However, results from previous, mostly cross-sectional studies have been mixed, and there have been few randomized clinical trials of the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on change in mammographic density. Methods: We assessed the effect of one year of supplementation on mammographic density in 330 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy (HT) and calcium and vitamin D (CaD) trials. Women were randomized to receive 1,000 mg/d of elemental calcium carbonate plus 400 IU/d of vitamin D 3 or placebo. Results: After approximately one year, mammographic density decreased 2% in the CaD supplementation group and increased 1% in the placebo group (ratio of means = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.81-1.17). Results suggested potential interaction by HT use (P=0.08).Among women randomized to HT placebo, the ratio of mean density comparing CaD supplementation and placebo groups was 0.82 (95% CI = 0.61-1.11) vs. 1.16 (95% CI = 0.92-1.45) in women randomized to active HT. In sensitivity analyses limited to women taking ≥80% of study supplements, ratios were 0.67 (95% CI= 0.41-1.07) in women not assigned to HT and 1.07 (95% CI= 0.79-1.47) women assigned to HT. Conclusions: We observed no overall effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on mammographic density after one year. Impact: Potential interaction between these nutrients and estrogen as related to mammographic density warrants further study.
AB - Background: Calcium and vitamin D may be inversely related to breast cancer risk, in part by affecting mammographic density. However, results from previous, mostly cross-sectional studies have been mixed, and there have been few randomized clinical trials of the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on change in mammographic density. Methods: We assessed the effect of one year of supplementation on mammographic density in 330 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy (HT) and calcium and vitamin D (CaD) trials. Women were randomized to receive 1,000 mg/d of elemental calcium carbonate plus 400 IU/d of vitamin D 3 or placebo. Results: After approximately one year, mammographic density decreased 2% in the CaD supplementation group and increased 1% in the placebo group (ratio of means = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.81-1.17). Results suggested potential interaction by HT use (P=0.08).Among women randomized to HT placebo, the ratio of mean density comparing CaD supplementation and placebo groups was 0.82 (95% CI = 0.61-1.11) vs. 1.16 (95% CI = 0.92-1.45) in women randomized to active HT. In sensitivity analyses limited to women taking ≥80% of study supplements, ratios were 0.67 (95% CI= 0.41-1.07) in women not assigned to HT and 1.07 (95% CI= 0.79-1.47) women assigned to HT. Conclusions: We observed no overall effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on mammographic density after one year. Impact: Potential interaction between these nutrients and estrogen as related to mammographic density warrants further study.
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U2 - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-1009
DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-1009
M3 - Article
C2 - 22253296
AN - SCOPUS:84859409068
SN - 1055-9965
VL - 21
SP - 462
EP - 473
JO - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
JF - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
IS - 3
ER -