TY - JOUR
T1 - Understanding appraisal processes underlying the thentest
T2 - A mixed methods investigation
AU - Schwartz, Carolyn E.
AU - Rapkin, Bruce A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements We are grateful to Emily Samaha and Maya Kahn-Woods for their assistance with coding the qualitative data from the QOL Appraisal Profile, and Brian Quaranto for his assistance on tables and figures included in this manuscript. We are also grateful to Dr. Yuelin Li for his help in creating summary scores using the QOL Appraisal Profile, which were used in the analyses presented here, to Shilpa Patel for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript, and to Laura Ryniker for help in manuscript preparation. Funding this work was provided in part by the New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute (US Health Resources and Services Administration grant: 2X07 HA 0025-17 to Dr. Rapkin).
PY - 2012/4
Y1 - 2012/4
N2 - Aims: Mixed methods investigated the cognitive processes reflected in retrospective pretest (thentest) discrepancy scores [i.e., recalibration response shift (RS)]. Methods: People with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune disease syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (n = 521) were interviewed at baseline and 6 months using the Quality of Life (QOL) Appraisal Profile, the Rand-36, General Health thentest, and recall items. Open-ended appraisal questions were coded, and factor analyses reduced the data. Ipsative (based on the then-minus-pretest) and normative (based on regression residuals) discrepancy scores were compared. Hypothesis testing related to recall bias and relationships among appraisal parameters and ipsative discrepancies, after covariate adjustment. Results: Coded frame of reference themes were distinct from experience sampling, standards of comparison, and combinatory algorithm. There was convergence between the ipsative and normative discrepancy scores (r = 0.30), but the former were associated with more appraisal changes and goal-related appraisals than the latter. Thentest effect sizes (ES) were larger than standard change scores, even controlling for recall bias. Multivariate models including appraisal parameters explained 9% more variance over the standard (unadjusted for RS) model. Conclusions: Ipsative and normative discrepancy scores measure distinct constructs, represent different configurations of appraisal change, and are not invalidated or explained by recall bias. The thentest does not imply recalibration alone but rather a host of health- and selfcare-related concerns.
AB - Aims: Mixed methods investigated the cognitive processes reflected in retrospective pretest (thentest) discrepancy scores [i.e., recalibration response shift (RS)]. Methods: People with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune disease syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (n = 521) were interviewed at baseline and 6 months using the Quality of Life (QOL) Appraisal Profile, the Rand-36, General Health thentest, and recall items. Open-ended appraisal questions were coded, and factor analyses reduced the data. Ipsative (based on the then-minus-pretest) and normative (based on regression residuals) discrepancy scores were compared. Hypothesis testing related to recall bias and relationships among appraisal parameters and ipsative discrepancies, after covariate adjustment. Results: Coded frame of reference themes were distinct from experience sampling, standards of comparison, and combinatory algorithm. There was convergence between the ipsative and normative discrepancy scores (r = 0.30), but the former were associated with more appraisal changes and goal-related appraisals than the latter. Thentest effect sizes (ES) were larger than standard change scores, even controlling for recall bias. Multivariate models including appraisal parameters explained 9% more variance over the standard (unadjusted for RS) model. Conclusions: Ipsative and normative discrepancy scores measure distinct constructs, represent different configurations of appraisal change, and are not invalidated or explained by recall bias. The thentest does not imply recalibration alone but rather a host of health- and selfcare-related concerns.
KW - Appraisal
KW - HIV/AIDS
KW - Ipsative
KW - Longitudinal
KW - Normative
KW - Qualitative
KW - Quantitative
KW - Response shift
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84863633509&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84863633509&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11136-011-0023-4
DO - 10.1007/s11136-011-0023-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 21969088
AN - SCOPUS:84863633509
SN - 0962-9343
VL - 21
SP - 381
EP - 388
JO - Quality of Life Research
JF - Quality of Life Research
IS - 3
ER -