Abstract
Self-reactive T cells that escape negative selection in the thymus must be kept under control in the periphery. Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include deletion or functional inactivation of self-reactive T cells and mechanisms of dominant tolerance mediated by regulatory T cells. In the absence of costimulation, T cell receptor (TCR) engagement results in unopposed calcium signaling that leads to the activation of a cell-intrinsic program of inactivation, which makes T cells hyporesponsive to subsequent stimulations. The activation of this program in anergic T cells is a consequence of the induction of a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-dependent program of gene expression. Recent studies have offered new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the implementation and maintenance of T cell anergy and have provided evidence that the proteins encoded by the genes upregulated in anergic T cells are responsible for the implementation of anergy by interfering with TCR signaling or directly inhibiting cytokine gene transcription.
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 180-187 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Seminars in Immunology |
Volume | 19 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 2007 |
Keywords
- Anergy
- Calcium
- Egr
- Ikaros
- NFAT
- T cell
- Transcription
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Immunology