@article{91feca423dec4bcc837e370592f5efe9,
title = "Relevance of Sex-Specific Metabolic Phenotypes in Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Disorders and PTSD",
abstract = "Mood disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are considered brain-based illnesses, but they present with somatic symptoms and are often comorbid with insulin resistance. Peripheral and central mechanisms implicate the hypothalamus as a center for bi-directional communication of stress between the brain and body. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulate glucocorticoid levels, yielding sex differences in stress response in addition to differences in PTSD and mood disorder susceptibility and course in males and females. Glucocorticoids and gonadal hormones modulate inflammatory response via cytokine receptor coupling, yielding multiple mechanisms connecting neuroinflammation and disturbances of mood and metabolism. Reduction of metabolic and psychologic stress via pharmacologic and behavioral interventions should be applied with attention to the commonalities and the heterogeneity in pathophysiology of these comorbid conditions across metabolic and sex-related phenotypes.",
author = "Henry, {Stefanie S.} and Ross, {Rachel A.} and Natalie Rasgon",
note = "Funding Information: Mood disorders and post-traumatic cytokine receptor coupling, yield-stress disorder (PTSD) are considered ing multiple mechanisms connecting brain-based illnesses, but they pres-neuroinflammation and disturbances ent with somatic symptoms and are of mood and metabolism. Reduction often comorbid with insulin resistance. of metabolic and psychologic stress Peripheral and central mechanisms via pharmacologic and behavioral in-implicate the hypothalamus as a cen-terventions should be applied with ter for bi-directional communication attention to the commonalities and of stress between the brain and body. the heterogeneity in pathophysiology The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal of these comorbid conditions across axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-metabolic and sex-related phenotypes. gonadal axis regulate glucocorticoid [Psychiatr Ann. 2022;52(1):20-25.] levels, yielding sex differences in stress response in addition to differences in PTSD and mood disorder susceptibil-ood disorders, such as ma- ity and course in males and females. jor depressive disorder and Glucocorticoids and gonadal hormones Mbipolar disorder, and post- From the Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (SSH); the Department of Neuroscience, the Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (RAR); and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California (NR). Rachel A. Ross and Natalie Rasgon are co-senior corresponding authors. Address correspondence to Rachel Ross, MD, PhD, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Room 322, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; email: rachel.ross@einsteinmed.org; and nrasgon@stanford.edu. This work is funded by a grant (K08DK118201-01A1) to Rachel A. Ross from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Disclosure: The authors have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. doi:10.3928/00485713-20211221-01 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} SLACK Incorporated.",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
doi = "10.3928/00485713-20211221-01",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "52",
pages = "20--25",
journal = "Psychiatric Annals",
issn = "0048-5713",
publisher = "Slack Incorporated",
number = "1",
}
