Abstract
Cells that escape negative selection in the thymus must be inactivated or eliminated in the periphery through a series of mechanisms that include the induction of anergy, dominant suppression by regulatory T cells, and peripheral deletion of self-reactive T cells. Calcium signaling plays a central role in the induction of anergy in T cells, which become functionally inactivated and incapable of proliferating and expressing cytokines following antigen re-encounter. Suboptimal stimulation of T cells results in the activation of a calcium/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells-dependent cell-intrinsic program of self-inactivation. The proteins encoded by those genes are required to impose a state of functional unresponsiveness through different mechanisms that include downregulation of T-cell receptor signaling and inhibition of cytokine transcription.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 225-240 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Immunological Reviews |
Volume | 231 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 2009 |
Keywords
- Anergy
- NFAT
- Signal transduction
- T cells
- Transcription factors
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Immunology