Impaired permeabilty to Ins(1,4,5)P₃ in a mutant connexin underlies recessive hereditary deafness

Connexins are membrane proteins that assemble into gap-junction channels and are responsible for direct, electrical and metabolic coupling between connected cells. Here we describe an investigation of the properties of a recombinantly expressed recessive mutant of connexin 26 (Cx26), the V84L mutant, associated with deafness. Unlike other Cx26 mutations, V84L affects neither intracellular sorting nor electrical coupling, but specifically reduces permeability to the Ca²⁺-mobilizing messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P₃). Both the permeability to Lucifer Yellow and the unitary channel conductance of V84L-mutant channels are indistinguishable from those of the wildtype Cx26. Injection of Ins(1,4,5)P₃ into supporting cells of the rat organ of Corti, which abundantly express Cx26, ensues in a regenerative wave of Ca²⁺ throughout the tissue. Blocking the gap junction communication abolishes wave propagation. We propose that the V84L mutation reduces metabolic coupling mediated by Ins(1,4,5)P₃ to an extent sufficient to impair the propagation of Ca²⁺ waves and the formation of a functional syncytium. Our data provide the first demonstration of a specific defect of metabolic coupling and offer a mechanistic explanation for the pathogenesis of an inherited human disease.