TY - JOUR
T1 - Home-Based Gait Speed Assessment
T2 - Normative Data and Racial/Ethnic Correlates Among Older Adults
AU - Boulifard, David A.
AU - Ayers, Emmeline
AU - Verghese, Joe
N1 - Funding Information:
This analysis was funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health (UG3NS105565). The Health and Retirement Study is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (U01AG009740).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - Objectives: To determine home-based gait speed performance and its associations with sociodemographic and health-related factors among older adults. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative US population sample. Setting and participants: Homes of Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants. Methods: Walk test data measured at home over 2.5 m were aggregated for 6983 individuals, aged ≥65 years (mean age 74.8 ± 6.9 years, 54.2% women), from the 2006 and 2008 HRS waves. Means for gait speed at normal pace were determined for demographic and clinical groupings; association of gait speed with demographic, socioeconomic status, and health factors were examined. Four-year mortality was predicted from baseline slow gait status defined using demographic-based cutoff scores as well as commonly recommended cutoff scores (100 or 60 cm/s). Results: Home-based gait speed (cm/s) means were lower for female than male (9.6% difference), older than younger (18.0% difference), African American than white (20.5% difference), and Hispanic than Non-Hispanic (10.3% difference) participants. Differences by age group, race, and ethnicity remained significant within sexes (P <.001). Lower speed was associated with African American race and all health problems; higher speed was associated with higher socioeconomic status and alcohol consumption. Four-year mortality was predicted by slow gait status. Predictive validity was, in general, higher for slow gait cutoff scores defined by demographic characteristics. Conclusions and implications: Mean gait speed measured at home differs among older (aged ≥65 years) US resident population groups defined by sex, age, race, ethnicity, health status, and combinations of these factors, and predicts 4-year mortality when substantially slower than group-based norms. These findings may assist researchers and clinicians in determining normal and abnormal gait performance in older adults in community settings.
AB - Objectives: To determine home-based gait speed performance and its associations with sociodemographic and health-related factors among older adults. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative US population sample. Setting and participants: Homes of Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants. Methods: Walk test data measured at home over 2.5 m were aggregated for 6983 individuals, aged ≥65 years (mean age 74.8 ± 6.9 years, 54.2% women), from the 2006 and 2008 HRS waves. Means for gait speed at normal pace were determined for demographic and clinical groupings; association of gait speed with demographic, socioeconomic status, and health factors were examined. Four-year mortality was predicted from baseline slow gait status defined using demographic-based cutoff scores as well as commonly recommended cutoff scores (100 or 60 cm/s). Results: Home-based gait speed (cm/s) means were lower for female than male (9.6% difference), older than younger (18.0% difference), African American than white (20.5% difference), and Hispanic than Non-Hispanic (10.3% difference) participants. Differences by age group, race, and ethnicity remained significant within sexes (P <.001). Lower speed was associated with African American race and all health problems; higher speed was associated with higher socioeconomic status and alcohol consumption. Four-year mortality was predicted by slow gait status. Predictive validity was, in general, higher for slow gait cutoff scores defined by demographic characteristics. Conclusions and implications: Mean gait speed measured at home differs among older (aged ≥65 years) US resident population groups defined by sex, age, race, ethnicity, health status, and combinations of these factors, and predicts 4-year mortality when substantially slower than group-based norms. These findings may assist researchers and clinicians in determining normal and abnormal gait performance in older adults in community settings.
KW - Gait speed
KW - demographics
KW - medical conditions
KW - mortality
KW - race disparities
KW - socioeconomic status
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.06.002
DO - 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.06.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 31395494
AN - SCOPUS:85070109128
SN - 1525-8610
VL - 20
SP - 1224
EP - 1229
JO - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
JF - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
IS - 10
ER -
