Fifty years after Freud: Dora, the Rat Man, and the Wolf-Man

Three of Freud's case histories are reviewed and reexamined from the perspective of modern psychodynamic thinking. The Dora case illuminates advances in our understanding of adolescent psychology and countertransference. The cases of the Rat Man and the Wolf-Man draw attention to our increased awareness since Freud of the importance of the therapeutic relationship and the recognition that a two-person psychology is at work in the psychotherapeutic situation. The heuristic value of such comprehensive case reports is emphasized.