TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolution of human papillomavirus carcinogenicity
AU - Van Doorslaer, Koenraad
AU - Burk, Robert D.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge past and current members of the Burk lab for their contributions to the research efforts of the group, in particular, Dr Zigui Chen, for the preparation of Fig. 1 . We are also grateful to the contributions of all our colleagues in the PV field and apologize that we could not include all recent discoveries in this review. This work was supported in part by Public Health Service awards CA78527 from the National Cancer Institute (R. D. B.) and center grants to the Einstein Cancer Research Center and the Center for AIDS Research (CFAR).
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - Members of the Alphapapillomavirus genus are the causative agent for virtually all cases of cervical cancer. However, strains (commonly referred to as types) within this genus span the entire range of pathogenicity from highly carcinogenic (e.g., HPV16, odds ratio = 281.9, responsible for 50% of all cervical cancers), moderately carcinogenic (e.g., HPV31) to not carcinogenic (e.g., HPV71). The persistent expression of the viral oncoproteins (E6 and E7) from HPV16 has been shown to be necessary and sufficient to transform primary human keratinocytes in vitro. A plethora of functions have been described for both oncoproteins, and through functional comparisons between HPV16 and HPV6, a subset of these functions have been suggested to be oncogenic. However, extrapolating functional differences from these comparisons is unlikely to tease apart the fine details. In this review, we argue that a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms differentiating oncogenic from nononcogenic types should be obtained by performing functional assays in an evolutionary and epidemiological framework. We continue by interpreting some recent results using this paradigm and end by suggesting directions for future inquiries.
AB - Members of the Alphapapillomavirus genus are the causative agent for virtually all cases of cervical cancer. However, strains (commonly referred to as types) within this genus span the entire range of pathogenicity from highly carcinogenic (e.g., HPV16, odds ratio = 281.9, responsible for 50% of all cervical cancers), moderately carcinogenic (e.g., HPV31) to not carcinogenic (e.g., HPV71). The persistent expression of the viral oncoproteins (E6 and E7) from HPV16 has been shown to be necessary and sufficient to transform primary human keratinocytes in vitro. A plethora of functions have been described for both oncoproteins, and through functional comparisons between HPV16 and HPV6, a subset of these functions have been suggested to be oncogenic. However, extrapolating functional differences from these comparisons is unlikely to tease apart the fine details. In this review, we argue that a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms differentiating oncogenic from nononcogenic types should be obtained by performing functional assays in an evolutionary and epidemiological framework. We continue by interpreting some recent results using this paradigm and end by suggesting directions for future inquiries.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77958198443&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77958198443&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-385034-8.00002-8
DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-385034-8.00002-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 20951869
AN - SCOPUS:77958198443
SN - 0065-3527
VL - 77
SP - 41
EP - 62
JO - Advances in Virus Research
JF - Advances in Virus Research
IS - C
ER -