@article{e5064fa001e644a28bafe43595f96ace,
title = "XANES spectroscopy: A promising tool for toxicology: A tutorial",
abstract = "X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy can provide information on the oxidation state of metal ions within a biological sample and also the complexes in which it is found. This type of information could be of great use to toxicologists in understanding the mechanism of action of many toxic agents. The prospect of using a sophisticated physical technique such as XANES may be somewhat intimidating for those without a strong physical background. Here, we explain the concepts necessary to understand XANES spectroscopy at a level that can be easily understood by biological scientists without a strong physics background and describe useful sample preparation and data analysis techniques which can be adapted for a variety of applications. Examples are taken from an ongoing study of manganese in brain mitochondria and neuron-like cells.",
keywords = "Manganese oxidation state, Manganese speciation, XANES spectroscopy",
author = "Gunter, {Karlene K.} and Miller, {Lisa M.} and Michael Aschner and Roman Eliseev and Derrick Depuis and Gavin, {Claire E.} and Gunter, {Thomas E.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Dr. William Tank for cultures of PC12 cells and Mr. Sean Hammond for preparing NT2 cell samples and brain mitochondria. They thank Dr. Lars Fuhrenlid for useful discussions, Dr. Nebojsa Marinkovic and Dr. Paul Stevens for helping with the experimental set up, and the personnel of Beamlines X9B and X10C of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory for use of their facilities and assistance with the experiments. Research described in this article was supported equally by NIH RO1 ES10041 and by Health Effects Institute. Initial pilot studies were supported by NIEHS Center Grant P30-ES01247. About half of the research described in this article was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Assistance Award no. R-824835) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The NSLS is supported by the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886.",
year = "2002",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1016/S0161-813X(02)00034-7",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "23",
pages = "127--146",
journal = "Neurotoxicology",
issn = "0161-813X",
publisher = "Elsevier",
number = "2",
}