TY - CHAP
T1 - Volume measurements in cultured primary astrocytes
AU - Aschner, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support from PHS NIH grants NIEHS 07331 and 10563 is gratefully acknowledged.
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is selective, likely reflecting the intrinsic properties of Â-individual cell types. Targets of chemical injury are diverse hence assessing neurotoxicity is extremely difficult. Overcoming this obstacle requires a general screen or "marker" for injury that reflects cellular damage. The "marker" must be reliable and represent a biochemical event which broadly reflects cellular stress and damage. One such "marker" is cell swelling; it occurs in response to a diversity of insults, such as physical damage, disease (ischemia, trauma, and hypoxia), and chemicals (methylmercury, lead, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and triethyltin). In astrocytes, a type of glia, astrocytic swelling can be measured with several methods. Commonly, freshly isolated astrocytes are grown to confluence on coverslips, a period requiring 3 weeks in culture. At this time, astrocytic volume can be measured using either an impedance technique or 3-O-methyl-d-glucose to assess cell volume. This review will briefly detail these methods and provide insight into molecular mechanisms associated with cell swelling and the ensuing regulatory decrease (RVD).
AB - Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is selective, likely reflecting the intrinsic properties of Â-individual cell types. Targets of chemical injury are diverse hence assessing neurotoxicity is extremely difficult. Overcoming this obstacle requires a general screen or "marker" for injury that reflects cellular damage. The "marker" must be reliable and represent a biochemical event which broadly reflects cellular stress and damage. One such "marker" is cell swelling; it occurs in response to a diversity of insults, such as physical damage, disease (ischemia, trauma, and hypoxia), and chemicals (methylmercury, lead, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and triethyltin). In astrocytes, a type of glia, astrocytic swelling can be measured with several methods. Commonly, freshly isolated astrocytes are grown to confluence on coverslips, a period requiring 3 weeks in culture. At this time, astrocytic volume can be measured using either an impedance technique or 3-O-methyl-d-glucose to assess cell volume. This review will briefly detail these methods and provide insight into molecular mechanisms associated with cell swelling and the ensuing regulatory decrease (RVD).
KW - 3-O-methyl-d-glucose
KW - Astrocytes
KW - Electrical resistance
KW - Neurotoxicity
KW - Swelling
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U2 - 10.1007/978-1-61779-170-3_26
DO - 10.1007/978-1-61779-170-3_26
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 21815080
AN - SCOPUS:80052944455
SN - 9781617791697
T3 - Methods in Molecular Biology
SP - 391
EP - 402
BT - In Vitro Neurotoxicology
PB - Humana Press Inc.
ER -