TY - JOUR
T1 - Tuberculosis Phenotypic and Genotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing and Immunodiagnostics
T2 - A Review
AU - Yusoof, Kizil A.
AU - García, Juan Ignacio
AU - Schami, Alyssa
AU - Garcia-Vilanova, Andreu
AU - Kelley, Holden V.
AU - Wang, Shu Hua
AU - Rendon, Adrian
AU - Restrepo, Blanca I.
AU - Yotebieng, Marcel
AU - Torrelles, Jordi B.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) AI150445 to JT.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Yusoof, García, Schami, Garcia-Vilanova, Kelley, Wang, Rendon, Restrepo, Yotebieng and Torrelles.
PY - 2022/7/7
Y1 - 2022/7/7
N2 - Tuberculosis (TB), considered an ancient disease, is still killing one person every 21 seconds. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) still has many challenges, especially in low and middle-income countries with high burden disease rates. Over the last two decades, the amount of drug-resistant (DR)-TB cases has been increasing, from mono-resistant (mainly for isoniazid or rifampicin resistance) to extremely drug resistant TB. DR-TB is problematic to diagnose and treat, and thus, needs more resources to manage it. Together with+ TB clinical symptoms, phenotypic and genotypic diagnosis of TB includes a series of tests that can be used on different specimens to determine if a person has TB, as well as if the M.tb strain+ causing the disease is drug susceptible or resistant. Here, we review and discuss advantages and disadvantages of phenotypic vs. genotypic drug susceptibility testing for DR-TB, advances in TB immunodiagnostics, and propose a call to improve deployable and low-cost TB diagnostic tests to control the DR-TB burden, especially in light of the increase of the global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, and the potentially long term impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disruption on TB programs.
AB - Tuberculosis (TB), considered an ancient disease, is still killing one person every 21 seconds. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) still has many challenges, especially in low and middle-income countries with high burden disease rates. Over the last two decades, the amount of drug-resistant (DR)-TB cases has been increasing, from mono-resistant (mainly for isoniazid or rifampicin resistance) to extremely drug resistant TB. DR-TB is problematic to diagnose and treat, and thus, needs more resources to manage it. Together with+ TB clinical symptoms, phenotypic and genotypic diagnosis of TB includes a series of tests that can be used on different specimens to determine if a person has TB, as well as if the M.tb strain+ causing the disease is drug susceptible or resistant. Here, we review and discuss advantages and disadvantages of phenotypic vs. genotypic drug susceptibility testing for DR-TB, advances in TB immunodiagnostics, and propose a call to improve deployable and low-cost TB diagnostic tests to control the DR-TB burden, especially in light of the increase of the global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, and the potentially long term impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disruption on TB programs.
KW - TB diagnostics
KW - active TB
KW - anti-TB drug regimens
KW - multi-drug resistance
KW - point of care (POC)
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U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870768
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870768
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35874762
AN - SCOPUS:85134542710
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
M1 - 870768
ER -
