Towards a vaccine for Cryptococcus neoformans: Principles and caveats

In the Damage-response framework of microbial pathogenesis, infectious diseases are one outcome of a host-microorganism interaction in a susceptible host. In cryptococcal disease, damage to the host is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans virulence determinants, the nature of the host response, or both. Further, the disease may be acute or reactivated from a latent state. Hence, a vaccine for C. neoformans would need to prevent disease resulting from either acute or reactivated infection. The evidence to support the development of a vaccine for C. neoformans that induces antibody-mediated immunity is discussed herein.