Thoracolumbar trauma

Thoracolumbar fractures are the most frequent traumatic injuries to the spinal column. The incidence of high-energy traumatic thoracolumbar injuries in the United States is estimated to be approximately 15,000 per year, with an additional 700,000 osteoporotic fractures occurring annually. These injuries can have potentially devastating consequences, including neurologic injury, chronic pain, and varying degrees of disability. The goals of treatment are to provide stability and preserve function. It is important to review the controversies and recommendations regarding the screening and management of these injuries, including surgical and nonsurgical treatment and various surgical strategies such as minimally invasive techniques.