The Future of Medical 3D Printing in Radiology

Medical three-dimensional (3D) printing has transformed and continues to transform radiology and broader fields of medicine and medical treatment. This chapter briefly summarizes the progress that has been made in medical 3D printing for radiology in the past 30 years and, based on that history, provides a perspective on what the next 30 years might hold. By dividing medical 3D printing down into five distinct categories-models and guides, permanent static implants, acellular regenerative implants, cell-containing (bioprinted) implants, and biomachine interface devices-the current state of each category of technology and in-hospital implementation is discussed along with their predicted, progressive progress over the next 30 years. Additional attention is given to the challenges that must be overcome for further adoption of advanced medical 3D printing by hospitals and radiologist units, including education, workforce development, and reimbursement, among others.