TY - JOUR
T1 - The etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease
T2 - A story of genes and environment
AU - Tomer, Yaron
AU - Huber, Amanda
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by grants DK061659, DK067555 and DK073681 from NIDDK (to YT).
PY - 2009/5
Y1 - 2009/5
N2 - Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are prevalent autoimmune diseases, affecting up to 5% of the general population. Autoimmune thyroid diseases arise due to complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic and environmental triggers contributing to AITD. However, the interactions between genes and environment are yet to be defined. Among the major AITD susceptibility genes that have been identified and characterized is the HLA-DR gene locus, as well as non-MHC genes including the CTLA-4, CD40, PTPN22, thyroglobulin, and TSH receptor genes. The major environmental triggers of AITD include iodine, medications, infection, smoking, and possibly stress. Recent data on the genetic predisposition to AITD lead to novel putative mechanisms by which the genetic-environmental interactions may lead to the development of thyroid autoimmunity.
AB - Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are prevalent autoimmune diseases, affecting up to 5% of the general population. Autoimmune thyroid diseases arise due to complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic and environmental triggers contributing to AITD. However, the interactions between genes and environment are yet to be defined. Among the major AITD susceptibility genes that have been identified and characterized is the HLA-DR gene locus, as well as non-MHC genes including the CTLA-4, CD40, PTPN22, thyroglobulin, and TSH receptor genes. The major environmental triggers of AITD include iodine, medications, infection, smoking, and possibly stress. Recent data on the genetic predisposition to AITD lead to novel putative mechanisms by which the genetic-environmental interactions may lead to the development of thyroid autoimmunity.
KW - Environment
KW - Genes
KW - Graves' Disease
KW - Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.007
DO - 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 19307103
AN - SCOPUS:67349199596
SN - 0896-8411
VL - 32
SP - 231
EP - 239
JO - Journal of Autoimmunity
JF - Journal of Autoimmunity
IS - 3-4
ER -