TY - JOUR
T1 - The effort to close the gap
T2 - Tracking the development of illusory contour processing from childhood to adulthood with high-density electrical mapping
AU - Altschuler, Ted S.
AU - Molholm, Sophie
AU - Butler, John S.
AU - Mercier, Manuel R.
AU - Brandwein, Alice B.
AU - Foxe, John J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a grant from the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to JJF and SM ( RO1-MH085322 ). The Human Clinical Phenotyping Core, where the children enrolled in this study were recruited and clinically evaluated, is a facility of the Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) which is funded through a center grant from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD P30 HD071593 ). Ongoing support of The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory is provided through a grant from the Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Charitable Foundation . Mr. Altschuler was supported by a Robert Gilleece Fellowship through the Program in Cognitive Neuroscience at The City College of New York. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Drs. Hilary Gomes, Hans-Peter Frey, Juliana Bates, Natalie Russo, and Adam Snyder for their valuable input and to Ms. Sarah Ruberman and Mr. Frantzy Acluche for their many hours of work in support of this study. We also extend our heartfelt gratitude to the children and families that have so graciously contributed their time to participate in this research. Conflict of interest All authors of this paper declare no conflicts-of-interest, financial or otherwise, that could have biased their contributions to this work. The senior author, Dr. Foxe, attests that all authors had access to the full dataset and to all stages of the analyses. Appendix A
PY - 2014/4/15
Y1 - 2014/4/15
N2 - The adult human visual system can efficiently fill-in missing object boundaries when low-level information from the retina is incomplete, but little is known about how these processes develop across childhood. A decade of visual-evoked potential (VEP) studies has produced a theoretical model identifying distinct phases of contour completion in adults. The first, termed a perceptual phase, occurs from approximately 100-200. ms and is associated with automatic boundary completion. The second is termed a conceptual phase occurring between 230 and 400. ms. The latter has been associated with the analysis of ambiguous objects which seem to require more effort to complete. The electrophysiological markers of these phases have both been localized to the lateral occipital complex, a cluster of ventral visual stream brain regions associated with object-processing. We presented Kanizsa-type illusory contour stimuli, often used for exploring contour completion processes, to neurotypical persons ages 6-31 (N. = 63), while parametrically varying the spatial extent of these induced contours, in order to better understand how filling-in processes develop across childhood and adolescence. Our results suggest that, while adults complete contour boundaries in a single discrete period during the automatic perceptual phase, children display an immature response pattern-engaging in more protracted processing across both timeframes and appearing to recruit more widely distributed regions which resemble those evoked during adult processing of higher-order ambiguous figures. However, children older than 5. years of age were remarkably like adults in that the effects of contour processing were invariant to manipulation of contour extent.
AB - The adult human visual system can efficiently fill-in missing object boundaries when low-level information from the retina is incomplete, but little is known about how these processes develop across childhood. A decade of visual-evoked potential (VEP) studies has produced a theoretical model identifying distinct phases of contour completion in adults. The first, termed a perceptual phase, occurs from approximately 100-200. ms and is associated with automatic boundary completion. The second is termed a conceptual phase occurring between 230 and 400. ms. The latter has been associated with the analysis of ambiguous objects which seem to require more effort to complete. The electrophysiological markers of these phases have both been localized to the lateral occipital complex, a cluster of ventral visual stream brain regions associated with object-processing. We presented Kanizsa-type illusory contour stimuli, often used for exploring contour completion processes, to neurotypical persons ages 6-31 (N. = 63), while parametrically varying the spatial extent of these induced contours, in order to better understand how filling-in processes develop across childhood and adolescence. Our results suggest that, while adults complete contour boundaries in a single discrete period during the automatic perceptual phase, children display an immature response pattern-engaging in more protracted processing across both timeframes and appearing to recruit more widely distributed regions which resemble those evoked during adult processing of higher-order ambiguous figures. However, children older than 5. years of age were remarkably like adults in that the effects of contour processing were invariant to manipulation of contour extent.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.029
DO - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.029
M3 - Article
C2 - 24365674
AN - SCOPUS:84893612768
SN - 1053-8119
VL - 90
SP - 360
EP - 373
JO - NeuroImage
JF - NeuroImage
ER -