The association of sleep duration and quality with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Women's Health Initiative

Geoffrey C. Kabat, Xiaonan Xue, Victor Kamensky, Oleg Zaslavsky, Katie L. Stone, Karen C. Johnson, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Juhua Luo, Lauren Hale, Lihong Qi, Jane A. Cauley, Robert L. Brunner, Jo Ann E. Manson, Thomas E. Rohan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

31 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background/Objective: Many studies have shown a U-shaped association of sleep duration with mortality; however, this association is difficult to interpret owing to possible reverse causation, residual confounding, and measurement issues. We used data from the Women's Health Initiative to examine the associations of sleep duration, insomnia, and use of sleep aids with death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, “other” causes, and all causes combined. Methods: Cox proportional hazards models were used in the analysis of baseline data and in time-dependent analyses of repeated measures to estimate associations of sleep-related factors with mortality. Among 158,203 women with information regarding sleep, 30,400 total deaths, 8857 CVD deaths, 9284 cancer deaths, and 11,928 other deaths were ascertained over a median of 17.8 years. Results: In both baseline and time-dependent analyses, both short (≤5 h) and long sleep (≥9 h) durations were associated with increased risk of total, CVD, and “other” deaths, but not with cancer deaths. Insomnia showed no association with mortality, whereas use of sleep medications was associated with an increased mortality risk. Conclusions: While our findings showed a small but robust association of sleep duration with mortality in postmenopausal women, studies including objective measurements of sleep quality and efficiency are needed to clarify these associations.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)48-54
Number of pages7
JournalSleep Medicine
Volume50
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2018

Keywords

  • Cardiovascular mortality
  • Duration
  • Insomnia rating scale
  • Sleep
  • Time-dependent analysis
  • Total mortality
  • characteristics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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