@article{9ee523055b4d4f959534dfb7e6a3dd9c,
title = "The association of C-reactive protein with subclinical cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women",
abstract = "Objective: HIV is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. However, CVD risk is often underestimated in HIV-infected women. C-reactive protein (CRP) may improve CVD prediction in this population. We examined the association of baseline plasma CRP with subclinical CVD in women with and without HIV. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: A total of 572 HIV-infected and 211 HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study underwent serial high-resolution B-mode carotid artery ultrasonography between 2004 and 2013 to assess carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and focal carotid artery plaques. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to assess the association of baseline high (≥3 mg/l) high-sensitivity (hs) CRP with baseline CIMT and focal plaques, and used multivariable linear and Poisson regression models for the associations of high hsCRP with CIMT change and focal plaque progression. We stratified our analyses by HIV status. Results: Median (interquartile range) hsCRP was 2.2 mg/l (0.8-5.3) in HIV-infected, and 3.2 mg/l (0.9-7.7) in HIV-uninfected, women (P = 0.005). There was no statistically significant association of hsCRP with baseline CIMT [adjusted mean difference -3.5 μm (95% confidence interval:-19.0 to 12.1)] or focal plaques [adjusted odds ratio: 1.31 (0.67-2.67)], and no statistically significant association of hsCRP with CIMT change [adjusted mean difference 11.4 μm (-2.3 to 25.1)]. However, hsCRP at least 3 mg/l was positively associated with focal plaque progression in HIV-uninfected [adjusted rate ratio: 5.97 (1.46-24.43)], but not in HIV-infected [adjusted rate ratio: 0.81 (0.47-1.42)] women (P = 0.042 for interaction). Conclusion: In our cohort of women with similar CVD risk factors, higher baseline hsCRP is positively associated with carotid plaque progression in HIV-uninfected, but not HIV-infected, women, suggesting that subclinical CVD pathogenesis may be different HIV-infected women.",
keywords = "C-reactive protein, HIV, atherosclerosis, subclinical cardiovascular disease, women",
author = "Moran, {Caitlin A.} and Sheth, {Anandi N.} and Mehta, {C. Christina} and Hanna, {David B.} and Gustafson, {Deborah R.} and Plankey, {Michael W.} and Mack, {Wendy J.} and Tien, {Phyllis C.} and French, {Audrey L.} and Golub, {Elizabeth T.} and Arshed Quyyumi and Kaplan, {Robert C.} and Ighovwerha Ofotokun",
note = "Funding Information: Data in this article were collected by the Women{\textquoteright}s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). WIHS (Principal Investigators): Atlanta WIHS (Ighovwerha Ofotokun and Gina Wingood), U01-AI-103408, Bronx WIHS (Kathryn Anastos), U01-AI-035004; Brooklyn WIHS (Howard Minkoff and Deborah Gustafson), U01-AI-031834; Chicago WIHS (Mardge Cohen and Audrey French), U01-AI-034993; Metropolitan Washington WIHS (Seble Kassaye), U01-AI-034994; Connie Wofsy Women{\textquoteright}s HIV Study, Northern California (Ruth Green-blatt, Bradley Aouizerat, and Phyllis Tien), U01-AI-034989; WIHS Data Management and Analysis Center (Stephen Gange and Elizabeth Golub), U01-AI-042590; Southern California WIHS (Joel Milam), U01-HD-032632 (WIHS I–WIHS IV). The WIHS is funded primarily by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), with additional cofunding from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute on Mental Health (NIMH). Targeted supplemental funding for specific projects is also provided by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), and the NIH Office of Research on Women{\textquoteright}s Health. WIHS data collection is also supported by UL1-TR000004 (UCSF CTSA), and UL1-TR000454 (Atlanta CTSA). Other funding sources include R01HL126543, R01HL132794, R01HL083760, R01HL095140 to R.C.K., K01-HL-137557 to D.B.H., and 1K23AI114407 to A.N.S. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.",
year = "2018",
month = may,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1097/QAD.0000000000001785",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "32",
pages = "999--1006",
journal = "AIDS",
issn = "0269-9370",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
number = "8",
}