Superiority of end-to-end versus telescoped bronchial anastomosis in single lung transplantation for pulmonary emphysema

Objective: To assess the influence of surgical technique (telescoped versus end-to-end anastomosis) on the incidence of bronchial anastomotic complications in patients who underwent single lung transplantation for pulmonary emphysema. Methods: Seventy-six adult recipients of single lung transplants for pulmonary emphysema were evaluated for the presence of 3 types of major bronchial anastomotic complications: ischemia, dehiscence, and severe stenosis. Surgical technique, clinical course, and mortality were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The 3 major complications were observed in 11 (34%; ischemia), 8 (25%; dehiscence), and 11 (34%; severe stenosis) of 32 telescoped bronchial anastomoses. In contrast, ischemia, dehiscence, and severe stenosis occurred in only 4 (9%), 1 (2%), and 2 (5%) of 44 end-to-end anastomoses (P = .0087, P = .0034, and P = .0012, respectively). The relative risk of ischemia, dehiscence, and severe stenosis in telescoped anastomoses was 2.1, 2.5, and 2.5, respectively, compared with end-to-end anastomoses. Five (13%) telescoped anastomoses required stent placement as compared with only 2 (5%) end-to-end anastomoses (P = .1244). Early postoperative pneumonia was more common in the telescoped anastomosis group (56%) than in the end-to-end group (32%; P = .0380). There was a trend toward shorter survival in the telescoped anastomosis group (mean survival 1045 ± 145 days) as compared with the end-to-end group (mean survival 1289 ± 156 days), but these differences did not achieve statistical significance (P = .2410). Conclusions: In patients who underwent single lung transplantation for putmonary emphysema, telescoped anastomoses were associated with a higher incidence of bronchial anastomotic complications than end-to-end anastomoses.