TY - JOUR
T1 - Smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to risk of triple-negative breast cancer in a cohort of postmenopausal women
AU - Kabat, Geoffrey C.
AU - Kim, Mimi
AU - Phipps, Amanda I.
AU - Li, Christopher I.
AU - Messina, Catherine R.
AU - Wactawski-Wende, Jean
AU - Kuller, Lewis
AU - Simon, Michael S.
AU - Yasmeen, Shagufta
AU - Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia
AU - Rohan, Thomas E.
PY - 2011/5
Y1 - 2011/5
N2 - Purpose: Little is known about the risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has a worse prognosis compared to hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. We examined the association of smoking and alcohol intake with TNBC and estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Methods: Among 148,030 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative, 300 TNBC cases and 2,479 ER+ cases were identified over a median of 8.0 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Cigarette smoking was not associated with TNBC, whereas drinkers had reduced risk compared to never drinkers. In contrast, both exposures showed slight positive associations with ER+ breast cancer: for women with ≥40 pack-years of smoking, the HR was 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.44; for women consuming ≥7 servings of alcohol per week, the HR was 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50. Intakes of wine and hard liquor were also significantly positively associated with ER+ breast cancer. Conclusions: These findings from a large cohort of postmenopausal women suggest that smoking and alcohol consumption are not associated with increased risk of TNBC, but may be modestly associated with increased risk of ER+ breast cancer.
AB - Purpose: Little is known about the risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has a worse prognosis compared to hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. We examined the association of smoking and alcohol intake with TNBC and estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Methods: Among 148,030 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative, 300 TNBC cases and 2,479 ER+ cases were identified over a median of 8.0 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Cigarette smoking was not associated with TNBC, whereas drinkers had reduced risk compared to never drinkers. In contrast, both exposures showed slight positive associations with ER+ breast cancer: for women with ≥40 pack-years of smoking, the HR was 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.44; for women consuming ≥7 servings of alcohol per week, the HR was 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50. Intakes of wine and hard liquor were also significantly positively associated with ER+ breast cancer. Conclusions: These findings from a large cohort of postmenopausal women suggest that smoking and alcohol consumption are not associated with increased risk of TNBC, but may be modestly associated with increased risk of ER+ breast cancer.
KW - Alcohol consumption
KW - Breast neoplasms
KW - Cigarette smoking
KW - Estrogen receptor-positive
KW - Postmenopausal women
KW - Triple-negative
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U2 - 10.1007/s10552-011-9750-7
DO - 10.1007/s10552-011-9750-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 21360045
AN - SCOPUS:79955751730
VL - 22
SP - 775
EP - 783
JO - Cancer Causes and Control
JF - Cancer Causes and Control
SN - 0957-5243
IS - 5
ER -
