Abstract
BACKGROUND: Currently, boosted protease inhibitor-containing regimens are the only option after first-line regimen failure available for patients in most resource-limited settings, yet little is known about long-term adherence and outcomes. METHODS: We enrolled patients with virologic failure (VF) who initiated lopinavir/ritonavir-containing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Medication possession ratios were calculated using pharmacy refill dates. Factors associated with 12-month second-line virologic suppression [viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL] and adherence were determined. RESULTS: One hundred six patients (median CD4 count and VL at failure: 153 cells/mm and 28,548 copies/mL, respectively) were enrolled. Adherence improved after second-line ART switch (median adherence 6 months prior, 67%; median adherence during initial 6 months of second-line ART, 100%; P = 0.001). Higher levels of adherence during second-line ART was associated with virologic suppression at month 12 of ART (odds ratio 2.5 per 10% adherence increase, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.8, P = 0.01). Time to virologic suppression was most rapid among patients with 91%-100% adherence compared with patients with 80%-90% and <80% adherence (log rank test, P = 0.01). VF during 24 months of second-line ART was moderate (month 12: 25%, n = 32/126; month 18: 21%, n = 23/112; and month 24: 25%, n = 25/99). CONCLUSIONS: The switch to second-line ART in South Africa was associated with an improvement in adherence, however, a moderate ongoing rate of VF-among approximately 25% of patients receiving second-line ART patients at each follow-up interval-was a cause for concern. Adherence level was associated with second-line ART virologic outcome, helping explain why some patients achieved virologic suppression after switch and others did not.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 158-163 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |
| Volume | 61 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 1 2012 |
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Keywords
- adherence
- resourcelimited settings
- second-line antiretroviral therapy
- South Africa
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology (medical)
Cite this
Second-line antiretroviral therapy : Long-term outcomes in South Africa. / Murphy, Richard A.; Sunpath, Henry; Castilla, Carmen; Ebrahim, Shameez; Court, Richard; Nguyen, Hoang; Kuritzkes, Daniel R.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Nachega, Jean B.
In: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol. 61, No. 2, 01.10.2012, p. 158-163.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Second-line antiretroviral therapy
T2 - Long-term outcomes in South Africa
AU - Murphy, Richard A.
AU - Sunpath, Henry
AU - Castilla, Carmen
AU - Ebrahim, Shameez
AU - Court, Richard
AU - Nguyen, Hoang
AU - Kuritzkes, Daniel R.
AU - Marconi, Vincent C.
AU - Nachega, Jean B.
PY - 2012/10/1
Y1 - 2012/10/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Currently, boosted protease inhibitor-containing regimens are the only option after first-line regimen failure available for patients in most resource-limited settings, yet little is known about long-term adherence and outcomes. METHODS: We enrolled patients with virologic failure (VF) who initiated lopinavir/ritonavir-containing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Medication possession ratios were calculated using pharmacy refill dates. Factors associated with 12-month second-line virologic suppression [viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL] and adherence were determined. RESULTS: One hundred six patients (median CD4 count and VL at failure: 153 cells/mm and 28,548 copies/mL, respectively) were enrolled. Adherence improved after second-line ART switch (median adherence 6 months prior, 67%; median adherence during initial 6 months of second-line ART, 100%; P = 0.001). Higher levels of adherence during second-line ART was associated with virologic suppression at month 12 of ART (odds ratio 2.5 per 10% adherence increase, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.8, P = 0.01). Time to virologic suppression was most rapid among patients with 91%-100% adherence compared with patients with 80%-90% and <80% adherence (log rank test, P = 0.01). VF during 24 months of second-line ART was moderate (month 12: 25%, n = 32/126; month 18: 21%, n = 23/112; and month 24: 25%, n = 25/99). CONCLUSIONS: The switch to second-line ART in South Africa was associated with an improvement in adherence, however, a moderate ongoing rate of VF-among approximately 25% of patients receiving second-line ART patients at each follow-up interval-was a cause for concern. Adherence level was associated with second-line ART virologic outcome, helping explain why some patients achieved virologic suppression after switch and others did not.
AB - BACKGROUND: Currently, boosted protease inhibitor-containing regimens are the only option after first-line regimen failure available for patients in most resource-limited settings, yet little is known about long-term adherence and outcomes. METHODS: We enrolled patients with virologic failure (VF) who initiated lopinavir/ritonavir-containing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Medication possession ratios were calculated using pharmacy refill dates. Factors associated with 12-month second-line virologic suppression [viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL] and adherence were determined. RESULTS: One hundred six patients (median CD4 count and VL at failure: 153 cells/mm and 28,548 copies/mL, respectively) were enrolled. Adherence improved after second-line ART switch (median adherence 6 months prior, 67%; median adherence during initial 6 months of second-line ART, 100%; P = 0.001). Higher levels of adherence during second-line ART was associated with virologic suppression at month 12 of ART (odds ratio 2.5 per 10% adherence increase, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.8, P = 0.01). Time to virologic suppression was most rapid among patients with 91%-100% adherence compared with patients with 80%-90% and <80% adherence (log rank test, P = 0.01). VF during 24 months of second-line ART was moderate (month 12: 25%, n = 32/126; month 18: 21%, n = 23/112; and month 24: 25%, n = 25/99). CONCLUSIONS: The switch to second-line ART in South Africa was associated with an improvement in adherence, however, a moderate ongoing rate of VF-among approximately 25% of patients receiving second-line ART patients at each follow-up interval-was a cause for concern. Adherence level was associated with second-line ART virologic outcome, helping explain why some patients achieved virologic suppression after switch and others did not.
KW - adherence
KW - resourcelimited settings
KW - second-line antiretroviral therapy
KW - South Africa
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84866983307&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84866983307&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182615ad1
DO - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182615ad1
M3 - Article
C2 - 22692090
AN - SCOPUS:84866983307
VL - 61
SP - 158
EP - 163
JO - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
SN - 1525-4135
IS - 2
ER -