"Scalp block" during craniotomy: A classic technique revisited

Local anesthesia of the nerves of the scalp is referred to as "scalp block." This technique was originally introduced more than a century ago, but has undergone a modern rebirth in intraoperative and postoperative anesthetic management. Here, we review the use of "scalp block" during craniotomy with its anatomic basis, historical evolution, current technique, potential advantages, and pitfalls. We also address its current and potential future applications.