@article{2c6956d13a7b4693ab573d4cbc5c62f3,
title = "Ring1B Compacts Chromatin Structure and Represses Gene Expression Independent of Histone Ubiquitination",
abstract = "How polycomb group proteins repress gene expression in vivo is not known. While histone-modifying activities of the polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) have been studied extensively, in vitro data have suggested a direct activity of the PRC1 complex in compacting chromatin. Here, we investigate higher-order chromatin compaction of polycomb targets in vivo. We show that PRCs are required to maintain a compact chromatin state at Hox loci in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). There is specific decompaction in the absence of PRC2 or PRC1. This is due to a PRC1-like complex, since decompaction occurs in Ring1B null cells that still have PRC2-mediated H3K27 methylation. Moreover, we show that the ability of Ring1B to restore a compact chromatin state and to repress Hox gene expression is not dependent on its histone ubiquitination activity. We suggest that Ring1B-mediated chromatin compaction acts to directly limit transcription in vivo.",
keywords = "DEVBIO, DNA",
author = "Ragnhild Eskeland and Martin Leeb and Grimes, {Graeme R.} and Cl{\'e}mence Kress and Shelagh Boyle and Duncan Sproul and Nick Gilbert and Yuhong Fan and Skoultchi, {Arthur I.} and Anton Wutz and Bickmore, {Wendy A.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council, United Kingdom. C.K. was supported by the EU FP6 NoE Epigenome (LSHG-CT-2004-503433) and Y.F. and A.I.S. by NIH grant CA79057. We thank H. J{\o}rgensen (MRC CSC, London) and R. John (Cardiff University) for Eed −/− cells, N. Brockdorff for Eed +/+ clone 2.21, M. Hughes (Liverpool Microarray Facility) for microarray printing, E. Brookes (MRC CSC) for advice on Ring1B ChIP, T. Sixma (NCI, Amsterdam) for Ring1B constructs, J. Brickman (ISCR, University of Edinburgh) for pTLC, H. Koseki (RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology) for antibodies, and our HGU colleagues I. Adams, H. Sutherland, E. Freyer, and P. Perry for advice, mouse embryos, FACS analysis, and help with image analysis. ",
year = "2010",
month = may,
day = "14",
doi = "10.1016/j.molcel.2010.02.032",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "38",
pages = "452--464",
journal = "Molecular Cell",
issn = "1097-2765",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "3",
}