Reconstruction of extensive scalp defects with rectus free flaps

This review represents the largest reported series involving reconstruction of complex scalp and calvarial defects with rectus abdominis free flaps. Sixteen patients presented with extensive (up to 300 cm²) scalp and calvarial defects requiring free tissue transfer for closure. All of the 11 patients who underwent a rectus abdominis free flap had a technically successful microvascular transfer. The defects encountered involved a wide spectrum of complexities including extensive multilaminar defects with exposed brain and dura, irradiated fields, and infection. In our institutions, the rectus abdominis muscle has evolved as a uniquely superior donor choice for restoring extensive scalp defects for several reasons: (1) accessibility, which eliminates intraoperative patient repositioning and allows for a simultaneous two-team approach; (2) minimal donor-site morbidity; (3) vascular reliability; and (4) the ability to supply abundant, easily contoured tissue.