Recent results from the Milagro gamma ray observatory

J. A. Goodman; R. Atkins; W. Benbow; D. Berley; E. Blaufuss; D. G. Coyne; T. DeYoung; B. L. Dingus; D. E. Dorfan; R. W. Ellsworth; L. Fleysher; R. Fleysher; M. M. Gonzalez; J. A. Goodman; T. J. Haines; E. Hays; C. M. Hoffman; L. A. Kelley; C. P. Lansdell; J. T. Linnemann; J. E. McEnery; R. S. Miller; A. I. Mincer; M. F. Morales; P. Nemethy; D. Noyes; J. M. Ryan; F. W. Samuelson; P. M. Saz Parkinson; A. Shoup; G. Sinnis; A. J. Smith; G. W. Sullivan

doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.07.018

Recent results from the Milagro gamma ray observatory

J. A. Goodman, R. Atkins, W. Benbow, D. Berley, E. Blaufuss, D. G. Coyne, T. DeYoung, B. L. Dingus, D. E. Dorfan, R. W. Ellsworth, L. Fleysher, R. Fleysher, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, T. J. Haines, E. Hays, C. M. Hoffman, L. A. Kelley, C. P. Lansdell, J. T. LinnemannJ. E. McEnery, R. S. Miller, A. I. Mincer, M. F. Morales, P. Nemethy, D. Noyes, J. M. Ryan, F. W. Samuelson, P. M. Saz Parkinson, A. Shoup, G. Sinnis, A. J. Smith, G. W. Sullivan

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Abstract

The Milagro gamma-ray observatory utilizes a large water Cherenkov detector to observe TeV extensive air showers produced by high energy particles impacting the Earth's atmosphere. Milagro is different from Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes that are used to study TeV gamma-rays in that it views a wide field (2 steradian over-head sky) and it continuously operates (>90% live time). These factors give Milagro the potential for discovery of new sources with unknown positions and times, such as gamma-ray bursts, flaring AGN, and observation of diffuse extended sources like the Galactic plane or large supernova remnants. The Milagro detector consists of a 4800 m² pond instrumented with 723 8" PMTs which detect Cherenkov light produced by secondary air-shower particles. A sparse array of 175 4000l water tanks surrounding the central pond detector has recently been added which will extend the physical area of Milagro to 40,000 m² and substantially increase the sensitivity of the instrument. Based on three years of operation, Milagro has established its sensitivity through the detection of the Crab plerion and active galaxy Markarian 421. A summary of the recent results from the Milagro collaboration is presented with a focus on the first observation of the galactic plane in the TeV range and evidence for two newly observed TeV sources: diffuse emission from the Cygnus Region, and evidence for an extended TeV hot spot near the EGRET unidentified 3EG J0520+2556.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	101-107
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements
Volume	151
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.07.018
State	Published - Jan 2006
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Nuclear and High Energy Physics

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10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.07.018

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Goodman, J. A., Atkins, R., Benbow, W., Berley, D., Blaufuss, E., Coyne, D. G., DeYoung, T., Dingus, B. L., Dorfan, D. E., Ellsworth, R. W., Fleysher, L., Fleysher, R., Gonzalez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Haines, T. J., Hays, E., Hoffman, C. M., Kelley, L. A., Lansdell, C. P., ... Sullivan, G. W. (2006). Recent results from the Milagro gamma ray observatory. Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, 151(1), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.07.018

Goodman, JA, Atkins, R, Benbow, W, Berley, D, Blaufuss, E, Coyne, DG, DeYoung, T, Dingus, BL, Dorfan, DE, Ellsworth, RW, Fleysher, L, Fleysher, R, Gonzalez, MM, Goodman, JA, Haines, TJ, Hays, E, Hoffman, CM, Kelley, LA, Lansdell, CP, Linnemann, JT, McEnery, JE, Miller, RS, Mincer, AI, Morales, MF, Nemethy, P, Noyes, D, Ryan, JM, Samuelson, FW, Saz Parkinson, PM, Shoup, A, Sinnis, G, Smith, AJ & Sullivan, GW 2006, 'Recent results from the Milagro gamma ray observatory', Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, vol. 151, no. 1, pp. 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.07.018

@article{c34982dd1f7b4494bd7775bc41a353fe,

title = "Recent results from the Milagro gamma ray observatory",

abstract = "The Milagro gamma-ray observatory utilizes a large water Cherenkov detector to observe TeV extensive air showers produced by high energy particles impacting the Earth's atmosphere. Milagro is different from Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes that are used to study TeV gamma-rays in that it views a wide field (2 steradian over-head sky) and it continuously operates (>90% live time). These factors give Milagro the potential for discovery of new sources with unknown positions and times, such as gamma-ray bursts, flaring AGN, and observation of diffuse extended sources like the Galactic plane or large supernova remnants. The Milagro detector consists of a 4800 m2 pond instrumented with 723 8{"} PMTs which detect Cherenkov light produced by secondary air-shower particles. A sparse array of 175 4000l water tanks surrounding the central pond detector has recently been added which will extend the physical area of Milagro to 40,000 m2 and substantially increase the sensitivity of the instrument. Based on three years of operation, Milagro has established its sensitivity through the detection of the Crab plerion and active galaxy Markarian 421. A summary of the recent results from the Milagro collaboration is presented with a focus on the first observation of the galactic plane in the TeV range and evidence for two newly observed TeV sources: diffuse emission from the Cygnus Region, and evidence for an extended TeV hot spot near the EGRET unidentified 3EG J0520+2556.",

author = "Goodman, {J. A.} and R. Atkins and W. Benbow and D. Berley and E. Blaufuss and Coyne, {D. G.} and T. DeYoung and Dingus, {B. L.} and Dorfan, {D. E.} and Ellsworth, {R. W.} and L. Fleysher and R. Fleysher and Gonzalez, {M. M.} and Goodman, {J. A.} and Haines, {T. J.} and E. Hays and Hoffman, {C. M.} and Kelley, {L. A.} and Lansdell, {C. P.} and Linnemann, {J. T.} and McEnery, {J. E.} and Miller, {R. S.} and Mincer, {A. I.} and Morales, {M. F.} and P. Nemethy and D. Noyes and Ryan, {J. M.} and Samuelson, {F. W.} and {Saz Parkinson}, {P. M.} and A. Shoup and G. Sinnis and Smith, {A. J.} and Sullivan, {G. W.}",

note = "Funding Information: lagro to fruition. In particular, we acknowledge the efforts of Scott DeLay, Neil Thompson and Michael Schneider. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (under grants PHY-0075326, -0096256, -0097315, -0206656, - 0245143, -0245234, -0302000, and ATM-0002744) the US Department of Energy (Office of High-Energy Physics and Office of Nuclear Physics), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of California, and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics.",

year = "2006",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.07.018",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "151",

pages = "101--107",

journal = "Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements",

issn = "0920-5632",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Recent results from the Milagro gamma ray observatory

AU - Goodman, J. A.

AU - Atkins, R.

AU - Benbow, W.

AU - Berley, D.

AU - Blaufuss, E.

AU - Coyne, D. G.

AU - DeYoung, T.

AU - Dingus, B. L.

AU - Dorfan, D. E.

AU - Ellsworth, R. W.

AU - Fleysher, L.

AU - Fleysher, R.

AU - Gonzalez, M. M.

AU - Goodman, J. A.

AU - Haines, T. J.

AU - Hays, E.

AU - Hoffman, C. M.

AU - Kelley, L. A.

AU - Lansdell, C. P.

AU - Linnemann, J. T.

AU - McEnery, J. E.

AU - Miller, R. S.

AU - Mincer, A. I.

AU - Morales, M. F.

AU - Nemethy, P.

AU - Noyes, D.

AU - Ryan, J. M.

AU - Samuelson, F. W.

AU - Saz Parkinson, P. M.

AU - Shoup, A.

AU - Sinnis, G.

AU - Smith, A. J.

AU - Sullivan, G. W.

N1 - Funding Information: lagro to fruition. In particular, we acknowledge the efforts of Scott DeLay, Neil Thompson and Michael Schneider. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (under grants PHY-0075326, -0096256, -0097315, -0206656, - 0245143, -0245234, -0302000, and ATM-0002744) the US Department of Energy (Office of High-Energy Physics and Office of Nuclear Physics), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of California, and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics.

PY - 2006/1

Y1 - 2006/1

N2 - The Milagro gamma-ray observatory utilizes a large water Cherenkov detector to observe TeV extensive air showers produced by high energy particles impacting the Earth's atmosphere. Milagro is different from Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes that are used to study TeV gamma-rays in that it views a wide field (2 steradian over-head sky) and it continuously operates (>90% live time). These factors give Milagro the potential for discovery of new sources with unknown positions and times, such as gamma-ray bursts, flaring AGN, and observation of diffuse extended sources like the Galactic plane or large supernova remnants. The Milagro detector consists of a 4800 m2 pond instrumented with 723 8" PMTs which detect Cherenkov light produced by secondary air-shower particles. A sparse array of 175 4000l water tanks surrounding the central pond detector has recently been added which will extend the physical area of Milagro to 40,000 m2 and substantially increase the sensitivity of the instrument. Based on three years of operation, Milagro has established its sensitivity through the detection of the Crab plerion and active galaxy Markarian 421. A summary of the recent results from the Milagro collaboration is presented with a focus on the first observation of the galactic plane in the TeV range and evidence for two newly observed TeV sources: diffuse emission from the Cygnus Region, and evidence for an extended TeV hot spot near the EGRET unidentified 3EG J0520+2556.

AB - The Milagro gamma-ray observatory utilizes a large water Cherenkov detector to observe TeV extensive air showers produced by high energy particles impacting the Earth's atmosphere. Milagro is different from Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes that are used to study TeV gamma-rays in that it views a wide field (2 steradian over-head sky) and it continuously operates (>90% live time). These factors give Milagro the potential for discovery of new sources with unknown positions and times, such as gamma-ray bursts, flaring AGN, and observation of diffuse extended sources like the Galactic plane or large supernova remnants. The Milagro detector consists of a 4800 m2 pond instrumented with 723 8" PMTs which detect Cherenkov light produced by secondary air-shower particles. A sparse array of 175 4000l water tanks surrounding the central pond detector has recently been added which will extend the physical area of Milagro to 40,000 m2 and substantially increase the sensitivity of the instrument. Based on three years of operation, Milagro has established its sensitivity through the detection of the Crab plerion and active galaxy Markarian 421. A summary of the recent results from the Milagro collaboration is presented with a focus on the first observation of the galactic plane in the TeV range and evidence for two newly observed TeV sources: diffuse emission from the Cygnus Region, and evidence for an extended TeV hot spot near the EGRET unidentified 3EG J0520+2556.

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DO - 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.07.018

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EP - 107

JO - Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

JF - Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

IS - 1

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Recent results from the Milagro gamma ray observatory

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