Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of rilonacept in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Norman T. Ilowite, Kristi Prather, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Laura E. Schanberg, Melissa Elder, Diana Milojevic, James W. Verbsky, Steven J. Spalding, Yukiko Kimura, Lisa F. Imundo, Marilynn G. Punaro, David D. Sherry, Stacey E. Tarvin, Lawrence S. Zemel, James D. Birmingham, Beth S. Gottlieb, Michael L. Miller, Kathleen O'Neil, Natasha M. Ruth, Carol A. WallaceNora G. Singer, Christy I. Sandborg

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

129 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective. To assess the efficacy and safety of rilonacept, an interleukin-1 inhibitor, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Methods. An initial 4-week double-blind placebo phase was incorporated into a 24-week randomized multicenter design, followed by an open-label phase. Seventy-one children who had active arthritis in ≥2 joints were randomized (1:1) to the 2 arms of the study. Patients in the rilonacept arm received rilonacept (loading dose 4.4 mg/kg followed by 2.2 mg/kg weekly, subcutaneously) beginning on day 0. Patients in the placebo arm received placebo for 4 weeks followed by a loading dose of rilonacept at week 4 followed by weekly maintenance doses. The primary end point was time to response, using the adapted American College of Rheumatology Pediatric 30 criteria coupled with the absence of fever and taper of the dosage of systemic corticosteroids, using prespecified criteria. Results. The time to response was shorter in the rilonacept arm than in the placebo arm (χ2 = 7.235, P = 0.007). The secondary analysis, which used the same response criteria, showed that 20 (57%) of 35 patients in the rilonacept arm had a response at week 4 compared with 9 (27%) of 33 patients in the placebo arm (P = 0.016). Exacerbation of systemic juvenile idio- pathic arthritis (JIA) was the most common severe adverse event. More patients in the rilonacept arm had elevated liver transaminase levels (including levels more than 3 times the upper limit of normal) compared with those in the placebo arm. Adverse events were similar in the 2 arms of the study. Conclusion. Rilonacept was generally well tolerated and demonstrated efficacy in active systemic JIA.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2570-2579
Number of pages10
JournalArthritis and Rheumatology
Volume66
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2014

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

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