TY - JOUR
T1 - Radical formation in cytochrome c oxidase
AU - Yu, Michelle A.
AU - Egawa, Tsuyoshi
AU - Shinzawa-Itoh, Kyoko
AU - Yoshikawa, Shinya
AU - Yeh, Syun Ru
AU - Rousseau, Denis L.
AU - Gerfen, Gary J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health Grants GM074982 to D.L.R. and GM075920 to G.J.G and the National Science Foundation Grant NSF0956358 to S.-R.Y. M.A.Y. was supported by the Medical Scientist Training Program ( GM07288 ) at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. S.Y. is supported in part by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 2247012 by the Targeted Protein Research Program, and the Global Center of Excellence program, each provided by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology .
PY - 2011/10
Y1 - 2011/10
N2 - The formation of radicals in bovine cytochrome c oxidase (bCcO), during the O2 redox chemistry and proton translocation, is an unresolved controversial issue. To determine if radicals are formed in the catalytic reaction of bCcO under single turnover conditions, the reaction of O2 with the enzyme, reduced by either ascorbate or dithionite, was initiated in a custom-built rapid freeze quenching (RFQ) device and the products were trapped at 77 K at reaction times ranging from 50 μs to 6 ms. Additional samples were hand mixed to attain multiple turnover conditions and quenched with a reaction time of minutes. X-band (9 GHz) continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) spectra of the reaction products revealed the formation of a narrow radical with both reductants. D-band (130 GHz) pulsed EPR spectra allowed for the determination of the g-tensor principal values and revealed that when ascorbate was used as the reductant the dominant radical species was localized on the ascorbyl moiety, and when dithionite was used as the reductant the radical was the SO2- ion. When the contributions from the reductants are subtracted from the spectra, no evidence for a protein-based radical could be found in the reaction of O2 with reduced bCcO. As a surrogate for radicals formed on reaction intermediates, the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with oxidized bCcO was studied at pH 6 and pH 8 by trapping the products at 50 μs with the RFQ device to determine the initial reaction events. For comparison, radicals formed after several minutes of incubation were also examined, and X-band and D-band analysis led to the identification of radicals on Tyr-244 and Tyr-129. In the RFQ measurements, a peroxyl (ROO) species was formed, presumably by the reaction between O2 and an amino acid-based radical. It is postulated that Tyr-129 may play a central role as a proton loading site during proton translocation by ejecting a proton upon formation of the radical species and then becoming reprotonated during its reduction via a chain of three water molecules originating from the region of the propionate groups of heme a 3. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Allosteric cooperativity in respiratory proteins".
AB - The formation of radicals in bovine cytochrome c oxidase (bCcO), during the O2 redox chemistry and proton translocation, is an unresolved controversial issue. To determine if radicals are formed in the catalytic reaction of bCcO under single turnover conditions, the reaction of O2 with the enzyme, reduced by either ascorbate or dithionite, was initiated in a custom-built rapid freeze quenching (RFQ) device and the products were trapped at 77 K at reaction times ranging from 50 μs to 6 ms. Additional samples were hand mixed to attain multiple turnover conditions and quenched with a reaction time of minutes. X-band (9 GHz) continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) spectra of the reaction products revealed the formation of a narrow radical with both reductants. D-band (130 GHz) pulsed EPR spectra allowed for the determination of the g-tensor principal values and revealed that when ascorbate was used as the reductant the dominant radical species was localized on the ascorbyl moiety, and when dithionite was used as the reductant the radical was the SO2- ion. When the contributions from the reductants are subtracted from the spectra, no evidence for a protein-based radical could be found in the reaction of O2 with reduced bCcO. As a surrogate for radicals formed on reaction intermediates, the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with oxidized bCcO was studied at pH 6 and pH 8 by trapping the products at 50 μs with the RFQ device to determine the initial reaction events. For comparison, radicals formed after several minutes of incubation were also examined, and X-band and D-band analysis led to the identification of radicals on Tyr-244 and Tyr-129. In the RFQ measurements, a peroxyl (ROO) species was formed, presumably by the reaction between O2 and an amino acid-based radical. It is postulated that Tyr-129 may play a central role as a proton loading site during proton translocation by ejecting a proton upon formation of the radical species and then becoming reprotonated during its reduction via a chain of three water molecules originating from the region of the propionate groups of heme a 3. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Allosteric cooperativity in respiratory proteins".
KW - Bioenergetics
KW - Electron paramagnetic resonance
KW - Peroxyl
KW - Proton translocation
KW - Radicals
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.06.012
DO - 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.06.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 21718686
AN - SCOPUS:80051602059
SN - 0005-2728
VL - 1807
SP - 1295
EP - 1304
JO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics
JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics
IS - 10
ER -