TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy
T2 - A randomized controlled trial of sodium bicarbonate and N-acetylcysteine
AU - Ratcliffe, Justin A.
AU - Thiagarajah, Prashan
AU - Chen, Jennifer
AU - Kavala, Gita
AU - Kanei, Yumiko
AU - Fox, John
AU - Gowda, Ramesh
AU - Schmitz, Sabrina J.
AU - Friedmann, Patricia
AU - Bergmann, Steven
PY - 2009/12
Y1 - 2009/12
N2 - BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) continues to be a common cause of acute renal failure in high-risk patients undergoing radiocontrast studies. However, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the most effective measures to prevent CIN. METHODS: One hundred eighteen patients with diabetes mellitus and/or renal insufficiency, scheduled for coronary angiography or intervention, were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: intravenous (IV) 0.9% NaCl alone, IV 0.9% NaCl plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC), IV 0.9% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) alone or IV 0.9% NaHCO3 plus NAC. All patients received IV hydration as a preprocedure bolus and as maintenance. Iso-osmolar contrast was used in all patients. CIN was defined as an increase of greater than 25% in the serum creatinine concentration from baseline to 72 h. RESULTS: The overall incidence of CIN was 6%. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of CIN among the groups. There was a CIN incidence of 7% in the NaCl only group, 5% in the NaCl/NAC group, 11% in the NaHCO3 only group and 4% in the NaHCO 3/NAC group (P=0.86). The maximum increase in serum creatinine was 14.14±12.38 mol/L in the NaHCO3 group, 10.60±29.14 mol/L in the NaCl only group, 9.72±13.26 mol/L in the NaCl/NAC group and 0.177±15.91 mol/L for the NaHCO3/ NAC group (P=0.0792). CONCLUSION: CIN in high-risk patients may be effectively minimized solely through the use of an aggressive hydration protocol and an iso-osmolar contrast agent. The addition of NaHCO3 and/or NAC did not have an effect on the incidence of CIN.
AB - BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) continues to be a common cause of acute renal failure in high-risk patients undergoing radiocontrast studies. However, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the most effective measures to prevent CIN. METHODS: One hundred eighteen patients with diabetes mellitus and/or renal insufficiency, scheduled for coronary angiography or intervention, were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: intravenous (IV) 0.9% NaCl alone, IV 0.9% NaCl plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC), IV 0.9% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) alone or IV 0.9% NaHCO3 plus NAC. All patients received IV hydration as a preprocedure bolus and as maintenance. Iso-osmolar contrast was used in all patients. CIN was defined as an increase of greater than 25% in the serum creatinine concentration from baseline to 72 h. RESULTS: The overall incidence of CIN was 6%. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of CIN among the groups. There was a CIN incidence of 7% in the NaCl only group, 5% in the NaCl/NAC group, 11% in the NaHCO3 only group and 4% in the NaHCO 3/NAC group (P=0.86). The maximum increase in serum creatinine was 14.14±12.38 mol/L in the NaHCO3 group, 10.60±29.14 mol/L in the NaCl only group, 9.72±13.26 mol/L in the NaCl/NAC group and 0.177±15.91 mol/L for the NaHCO3/ NAC group (P=0.0792). CONCLUSION: CIN in high-risk patients may be effectively minimized solely through the use of an aggressive hydration protocol and an iso-osmolar contrast agent. The addition of NaHCO3 and/or NAC did not have an effect on the incidence of CIN.
KW - Cardiac catheterization
KW - Contrast-induced nephropathy
KW - N-acetylcysteine
KW - Prevention
KW - Sodium bicarbonate
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U2 - 10.1055/s-0031-1278353
DO - 10.1055/s-0031-1278353
M3 - Article
C2 - 22477552
AN - SCOPUS:80053040861
SN - 1061-1711
VL - 18
SP - 193
EP - 197
JO - International Journal of Angiology
JF - International Journal of Angiology
IS - 4
ER -