Patent foramen ovale in children: Unique pediatric challenges and lessons learned from adult literature

Sunil Saharan, Joseph Vettukattil, Aarti Bhat, Venu Amula, Manish Bansal, Devyani Chowdhury, Umesh Dyamenahalli, Saurabh Gupta, Bibhuti Das, T. Susheel Kumar, Ashok Muralidaran, Kalyani Trivedi, Sethuraman Swaminathan, Neha Bansal, Unnati Doshi, Arvind Hoskoppal, Seshadri Balaji

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a frequent incidental finding during echocardiography in otherwise healthy children. In most healthy children with a diagnosis of isolated incidental PFO, no further follow-up or intervention is necessary. In some children, PFO is associated with certain clinical syndromes such as cryptogenic stroke, decompression sickness, migraine, and platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. This review discusses PFO anatomy, diagnostic imaging, PFO-associated clinical situations, management options, and the role of PFO in certain congenital heart disease. This review also highlights the current deficiency of pediatric data guiding management of these uncommon but important PFO-associated conditions. Future multicenter randomized controlled studies are necessary to guide the management of these unique and challenging PFO-associated conditions.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)44-52
Number of pages9
JournalAnnals of Pediatric Cardiology
Volume15
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2022

Keywords

  • Children
  • decompression sickness
  • management
  • migraine
  • patent foramen ovale
  • platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome
  • stroke

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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