TY - JOUR
T1 - Oral fluid cannabinoids in chronic cannabis smokers during oral δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol therapy and smoked cannabis challenge
AU - Lee, Dayong
AU - Vandrey, Ryan
AU - Mendu, Damodara R.
AU - Anizan, Sebastien
AU - Milman, Garry
AU - Murray, Jeannie A.
AU - Barnes, Allan J.
AU - Huestis, Marilyn A.
PY - 2013/12
Y1 - 2013/12
N2 - BACKGROUND: Oral δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective for attenuating cannabis withdrawal and may benefit treatment of cannabis use disorders. Oral fluid (OF) cannabinoid testing, increasing in forensic and workplace settings, could be valuable for monitoring during cannabis treatment. METHODS: Eleven cannabis smokers resided on a closed research unit for 51 days and received daily 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of oral THC in divided doses for 5 days. There was a 5-puff smoked cannabis challenge on the fifth day. Each medication session was separated by 9 days of ad libitum cannabis smoking.OFwas collected the evening before and throughout oral THC sessions and analyzed by 2-dimensionalGC-MSfor THC, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OHTHC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH). RESULTS: During all oral THC administrations, THC OF concentrations decreased to ≤78.2, 33.2, and 1.4 μg/L by 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. CBN also decreased over time, with concentrations 10-fold lower than THC, with none detected beyond 69 h. CBD and 11-OH-THC were rarely detected, only within 19 and 1.6 h after smoking, respectively. THCCOOH OF concentrations were dose dependent and increased over time during 120-mg THC dosing. After cannabis smoking, THC, CBN, and THCCOOH concentrations showed a significant dose effect and decreased significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS: Oral THC dosing significantly affected OFTHCCOOHbut minimally contributed toTHCOF concentrations; prior ad libitum smoking was the primary source of THC, CBD, and CBN. Higher cannabinoid concentrations following active oral THC administrations vs placebo suggest a compensatory effect of THC tolerance on smoking topography.
AB - BACKGROUND: Oral δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective for attenuating cannabis withdrawal and may benefit treatment of cannabis use disorders. Oral fluid (OF) cannabinoid testing, increasing in forensic and workplace settings, could be valuable for monitoring during cannabis treatment. METHODS: Eleven cannabis smokers resided on a closed research unit for 51 days and received daily 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of oral THC in divided doses for 5 days. There was a 5-puff smoked cannabis challenge on the fifth day. Each medication session was separated by 9 days of ad libitum cannabis smoking.OFwas collected the evening before and throughout oral THC sessions and analyzed by 2-dimensionalGC-MSfor THC, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OHTHC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH). RESULTS: During all oral THC administrations, THC OF concentrations decreased to ≤78.2, 33.2, and 1.4 μg/L by 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. CBN also decreased over time, with concentrations 10-fold lower than THC, with none detected beyond 69 h. CBD and 11-OH-THC were rarely detected, only within 19 and 1.6 h after smoking, respectively. THCCOOH OF concentrations were dose dependent and increased over time during 120-mg THC dosing. After cannabis smoking, THC, CBN, and THCCOOH concentrations showed a significant dose effect and decreased significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS: Oral THC dosing significantly affected OFTHCCOOHbut minimally contributed toTHCOF concentrations; prior ad libitum smoking was the primary source of THC, CBD, and CBN. Higher cannabinoid concentrations following active oral THC administrations vs placebo suggest a compensatory effect of THC tolerance on smoking topography.
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U2 - 10.1373/clinchem.2013.207316
DO - 10.1373/clinchem.2013.207316
M3 - Article
C2 - 23938457
AN - SCOPUS:84889874485
SN - 0009-9147
VL - 59
SP - 1770
EP - 1779
JO - Clinical chemistry
JF - Clinical chemistry
IS - 12
ER -