TY - JOUR
T1 - Nipple connective tissue and its development
T2 - Insights from the K14-PTHrP mouse
AU - Abdalkhani, Arman
AU - Sellers, Rani
AU - Gent, Justin
AU - Wulitich, Heather
AU - Childress, Sue
AU - Stein, Barry
AU - Boissy, Raymond E.
AU - Wysolmerski, John J.
AU - Foley, John
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Dr Linda M. Parysek for providing peripherin antiserum and valuable comments. Ron Osborne and Erica Stickler are thanked for their help in preparing the manuscript. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health; AR45585 (J.F.), DK55501 (J.J.W.) and CA94175 (J.J.W.) American Cancer Society Institutional Grant to Indiana University; IRG-84-002-15 Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program; DAMD17-96-1-9198 (J.J.W.).
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) regulates a wide variety of developmental processes. Keratin 14 (K14) promoter-mediated overexpression of PTHrP in the epidermis during development converts the entire murine ventral skin to hairless nipple-like skin. In this report, we characterize the morphology and processes that influence the development of nipple connective tissue. The connective tissue of the nipple displayed increased levels of proteoglycans, and collagen bundles with atypical morphology, as well as increased numbers of mast cells, capillaries, nerve fibers and dermal melanocytes. The unique characteristics of nipple connective tissue were not present until mice reach 3-4 weeks of age. The adult male K14-PTHrP mouse has a less dramatic ventral skin phenotype, and does not manifest a nipple-like dermis. Ovariectomy or orchiedectomy prior to sexual maturity had no impact on the ventral skin of the male or female K14-PTHrP mice, but exposure to androgens in utero repressed many of the nipple-like characteristics in the ventral skin of the female K14-PTHrP mice.
AB - Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) regulates a wide variety of developmental processes. Keratin 14 (K14) promoter-mediated overexpression of PTHrP in the epidermis during development converts the entire murine ventral skin to hairless nipple-like skin. In this report, we characterize the morphology and processes that influence the development of nipple connective tissue. The connective tissue of the nipple displayed increased levels of proteoglycans, and collagen bundles with atypical morphology, as well as increased numbers of mast cells, capillaries, nerve fibers and dermal melanocytes. The unique characteristics of nipple connective tissue were not present until mice reach 3-4 weeks of age. The adult male K14-PTHrP mouse has a less dramatic ventral skin phenotype, and does not manifest a nipple-like dermis. Ovariectomy or orchiedectomy prior to sexual maturity had no impact on the ventral skin of the male or female K14-PTHrP mice, but exposure to androgens in utero repressed many of the nipple-like characteristics in the ventral skin of the female K14-PTHrP mice.
KW - Connective tissue
KW - Mammary gland
KW - Nipple
KW - Parathyroid hormone-related protein
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U2 - 10.1016/S0925-4773(02)00092-8
DO - 10.1016/S0925-4773(02)00092-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 12049768
AN - SCOPUS:0036268816
SN - 0925-4773
VL - 115
SP - 63
EP - 77
JO - Mechanisms of Development
JF - Mechanisms of Development
IS - 1-2
ER -