New contraceptive options for adolescents

Among adolescents in the US, poor contraceptive use is compounded by a lack of understanding of the fertility risk, fear of the side effects of hormones, confidentiality issues, and low self-esteem. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of three new methods considered particularly appropriate for adolescents: third-generation low-dose oral contraceptives; long-acting progestin-only contraception (e.g., Norplant, Depo-Provera); and polyurethane male (Avanti) and female (Reality) condoms. Adolescents must be fully informed about all aspects of method use so that they will not be surprised by side effects that could lead to premature discontinuation of a safe, effective contraceptive method. There is a particular need for increased awareness and counseling about the barrier methods, given their ability to protect against STDs. Contraceptive vaccines, improved hormonal methods, and new barrier methods are under development.