Abstract
Objective: Microtia is a developmental malformation of the external ear with genetic and environmental causes. The prevalence of microtia varies but several studies suggest increased incidence in Hispanic and African American populations. No causal genetic mutations have been identified in these populations. Mutations in the homeobox gene HOXA2 caused microtia in a single Iranian family. Another homeobox gene, SIX2, acts downstream of HOXA2 during development and provides another possible candidate for mutational analysis. Methods: To determine whether mutations in HOXA2 or SIX2 cause sporadic microtia, DNA sequencing analysis was performed on exons in both genes in 8 patients of Hispanic and African descent in the Bronx. Identified variants were assayed in an additional 4 patients and 100 Hispanic control samples using Sequenom MassArray to rule out causality in heterozygous patients. Results: No mutations were identified in the coding sequence of HOXA2 or SIX2. Four novel single nucleotide variants were identified among the patient samples. These variants lie in the intron and 3' UTR of HOXA2 and the 5' and 3' UTRs of SIX2. One variant in the intron of HOXA2 lies in a conserved predicted transcription factor binding site for SMARCA3. All four variants are also present at >5% frequency in Hispanic control samples, ruling out these novel variations as causal. Conclusions: Lack of mutations in the coding regions of HOXA2 or SIX2 among the sporadic microtia patients studied indicate different etiologies. Identification of four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients and controls of Hispanic descent, but not of Caucasian populations, points to genetic diversity in an understudied population.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 878-882 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology |
| Volume | 74 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 2010 |
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Keywords
- Anotia
- Aural atresia
- HOXA2
- Microtia
- SIX2
- Snp
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Cite this
Mutational analysis of HOXA2 and SIX2 in a Bronx population with isolated microtia. / Monks, Dennis C.; Jahangir, Arthee; Shanske, Alan L.; Samanich, Joy; Morrow, Bernice E.; Babcock, Melanie.
In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Vol. 74, No. 8, 08.2010, p. 878-882.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Mutational analysis of HOXA2 and SIX2 in a Bronx population with isolated microtia
AU - Monks, Dennis C.
AU - Jahangir, Arthee
AU - Shanske, Alan L.
AU - Samanich, Joy
AU - Morrow, Bernice E.
AU - Babcock, Melanie
PY - 2010/8
Y1 - 2010/8
N2 - Objective: Microtia is a developmental malformation of the external ear with genetic and environmental causes. The prevalence of microtia varies but several studies suggest increased incidence in Hispanic and African American populations. No causal genetic mutations have been identified in these populations. Mutations in the homeobox gene HOXA2 caused microtia in a single Iranian family. Another homeobox gene, SIX2, acts downstream of HOXA2 during development and provides another possible candidate for mutational analysis. Methods: To determine whether mutations in HOXA2 or SIX2 cause sporadic microtia, DNA sequencing analysis was performed on exons in both genes in 8 patients of Hispanic and African descent in the Bronx. Identified variants were assayed in an additional 4 patients and 100 Hispanic control samples using Sequenom MassArray to rule out causality in heterozygous patients. Results: No mutations were identified in the coding sequence of HOXA2 or SIX2. Four novel single nucleotide variants were identified among the patient samples. These variants lie in the intron and 3' UTR of HOXA2 and the 5' and 3' UTRs of SIX2. One variant in the intron of HOXA2 lies in a conserved predicted transcription factor binding site for SMARCA3. All four variants are also present at >5% frequency in Hispanic control samples, ruling out these novel variations as causal. Conclusions: Lack of mutations in the coding regions of HOXA2 or SIX2 among the sporadic microtia patients studied indicate different etiologies. Identification of four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients and controls of Hispanic descent, but not of Caucasian populations, points to genetic diversity in an understudied population.
AB - Objective: Microtia is a developmental malformation of the external ear with genetic and environmental causes. The prevalence of microtia varies but several studies suggest increased incidence in Hispanic and African American populations. No causal genetic mutations have been identified in these populations. Mutations in the homeobox gene HOXA2 caused microtia in a single Iranian family. Another homeobox gene, SIX2, acts downstream of HOXA2 during development and provides another possible candidate for mutational analysis. Methods: To determine whether mutations in HOXA2 or SIX2 cause sporadic microtia, DNA sequencing analysis was performed on exons in both genes in 8 patients of Hispanic and African descent in the Bronx. Identified variants were assayed in an additional 4 patients and 100 Hispanic control samples using Sequenom MassArray to rule out causality in heterozygous patients. Results: No mutations were identified in the coding sequence of HOXA2 or SIX2. Four novel single nucleotide variants were identified among the patient samples. These variants lie in the intron and 3' UTR of HOXA2 and the 5' and 3' UTRs of SIX2. One variant in the intron of HOXA2 lies in a conserved predicted transcription factor binding site for SMARCA3. All four variants are also present at >5% frequency in Hispanic control samples, ruling out these novel variations as causal. Conclusions: Lack of mutations in the coding regions of HOXA2 or SIX2 among the sporadic microtia patients studied indicate different etiologies. Identification of four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients and controls of Hispanic descent, but not of Caucasian populations, points to genetic diversity in an understudied population.
KW - Anotia
KW - Aural atresia
KW - HOXA2
KW - Microtia
KW - SIX2
KW - Snp
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77953911833&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77953911833&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.05.004
DO - 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.05.004
M3 - Article
VL - 74
SP - 878
EP - 882
JO - International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
JF - International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
SN - 0165-5876
IS - 8
ER -