TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases
T2 - From genetics to epigenetics
AU - Tomer, Yaron
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Recent advances in our understanding of genetic-epigenetic interactions have unraveled new mechanisms underlying the etiology of complex autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are highly prevalent, affecting 1% to 5% of the population. The major AITDs include Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); although these diseases contrast clinically, their pathogenesis involves shared immunogenetic mechanisms. Genetic data point to the involvement of both shared and unique genes. Among the shared susceptibility genes, HLA-DRβ1-Arg74 (human leukocyte antigen DR containing an arginine at position β74) confers the strongest risk. Recent genome-wide analyses have revealed new putative candidate genes. Epigenetic modulation is emerging as a major mechanism by which environmental factors interact with AITD susceptibility genes. Dissecting the genetic-epigenetic interactions underlying the pathogenesis of AITD is essential to uncover new therapeutic targets.
AB - Recent advances in our understanding of genetic-epigenetic interactions have unraveled new mechanisms underlying the etiology of complex autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are highly prevalent, affecting 1% to 5% of the population. The major AITDs include Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); although these diseases contrast clinically, their pathogenesis involves shared immunogenetic mechanisms. Genetic data point to the involvement of both shared and unique genes. Among the shared susceptibility genes, HLA-DRβ1-Arg74 (human leukocyte antigen DR containing an arginine at position β74) confers the strongest risk. Recent genome-wide analyses have revealed new putative candidate genes. Epigenetic modulation is emerging as a major mechanism by which environmental factors interact with AITD susceptibility genes. Dissecting the genetic-epigenetic interactions underlying the pathogenesis of AITD is essential to uncover new therapeutic targets.
KW - Autoimmunity
KW - Graves disease
KW - Hashimoto's thyroiditis
KW - Thyroid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84897019743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84897019743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104713
DO - 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104713
M3 - Article
C2 - 24460189
AN - SCOPUS:84897019743
SN - 1553-4006
VL - 9
SP - 147
EP - 156
JO - Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
JF - Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
ER -