TY - JOUR
T1 - Lead, Arsenic, and Manganese Metal Mixture Exposures
T2 - Focus on Biomarkers of Effect
AU - Andrade, V. M.
AU - Mateus, M. L.
AU - Batoréu, M. C.
AU - Aschner, M.
AU - Marreilha dos Santos, A. P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2015/7/17
Y1 - 2015/7/17
N2 - The increasing exposure of human populations to excessive levels of metals continues to represent a matter of public health concern. Several biomarkers have been studied and proposed for the detection of adverse health effects induced by lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn); however, these studies have relied on exposures to each single metal, which fails to replicate real-life exposure scenarios. These three metals are commonly detected in different environmental, occupational, and food contexts and they share common neurotoxic effects, which are progressive and once clinically apparent may be irreversible. Thus, chronic exposure to low levels of a mixture of these metals may represent an additive risk of toxicity. Building upon their shared mechanisms of toxicity, such as oxidative stress, interference with neurotransmitters, and effects on the hematopoietic system, we address putative biomarkers, which may assist in assessing the onset of neurological diseases associated with exposure to this metal mixture.
AB - The increasing exposure of human populations to excessive levels of metals continues to represent a matter of public health concern. Several biomarkers have been studied and proposed for the detection of adverse health effects induced by lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn); however, these studies have relied on exposures to each single metal, which fails to replicate real-life exposure scenarios. These three metals are commonly detected in different environmental, occupational, and food contexts and they share common neurotoxic effects, which are progressive and once clinically apparent may be irreversible. Thus, chronic exposure to low levels of a mixture of these metals may represent an additive risk of toxicity. Building upon their shared mechanisms of toxicity, such as oxidative stress, interference with neurotransmitters, and effects on the hematopoietic system, we address putative biomarkers, which may assist in assessing the onset of neurological diseases associated with exposure to this metal mixture.
KW - Arsenic
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Lead
KW - Manganese
KW - Metal mixtures
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84931004498&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84931004498&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12011-015-0267-x
DO - 10.1007/s12011-015-0267-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 25693681
AN - SCOPUS:84931004498
SN - 0163-4984
VL - 166
SP - 13
EP - 23
JO - Biological Trace Element Research
JF - Biological Trace Element Research
IS - 1
ER -