Abstract
Lys65 residue, in the fingers domain of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (RT), interacts with incoming dNTP in a sequence-independent fashion. We showed previously that a 5-amino-acid deletion spanning Lys65 and a K65A substitution both enhanced the fidelity of dNTP insertion. We hypothesized that the Lys65 residue enhances dNTP misinsertion via interactions with the λ -phosphate of the incoming dNTP. We now examine this hypothesis in pre-steady-state kinetic studies using wild-type human immunodeficiency virus-1 RT and two substitution mutants, K65A and K65R. K65R mutation did not greatly increase misinsertion fidelity, but K65A mutation led to higher incorporation fidelity. For a misinsertion to become a permanent error, it needs to be accompanied by the extension of the mispaired terminus thus formed. Both mutants and the wild-type enzyme discriminated against the mismatched primer at the catalytic step (kpol). Additionally, K65A and K65R mutants displayed a further decrease in mismatch extension efficiency, primarily at the level of dNTP binding. We employed hydroxyl radical footprinting to determine the position of the RT on the primer/template. The wild-type and Lys65-substituted enzymes occupied the same position at the primer terminus; the presence of a mismatched primer terminus caused all three enzymes to be displaced to a -2 position relative to the primer 3' end. In the context of an efficiently extended mismatched terminus, the presence of the next complementary nucleotide overcame the displacement, resulting in a complex resembling the matched terminus. The results are consistent with the observed reduction in kpol in mispaired primer extension being due to the position of the enzyme at a mismatched terminus. Our work shows the influence of the stabilizing interactions of Lys65 with the incoming dNTP on two different aspects of polymerase fidelity.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 33-44 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Journal of Molecular Biology |
| Volume | 401 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 2010 |
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Keywords
- HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
- NRTI resistance mutation
- Polymerase fidelity
- Pre-steady-state kinetics of HIV-1 RT
- Site-specific footprinting
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Biology
Cite this
K65R and K65A Substitutions in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Enhance Polymerase Fidelity by Decreasing Both dNTP Misinsertion and Mispaired Primer Extension Efficiencies. / Garforth, Scott J.; Domaoal, Robert A.; Lwatula, Chisanga; Landau, Mark J.; Meyer, Amanda J.; Anderson, Karen S.; Prasad, Vinayaka R.
In: Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 401, No. 1, 08.2010, p. 33-44.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - K65R and K65A Substitutions in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Enhance Polymerase Fidelity by Decreasing Both dNTP Misinsertion and Mispaired Primer Extension Efficiencies
AU - Garforth, Scott J.
AU - Domaoal, Robert A.
AU - Lwatula, Chisanga
AU - Landau, Mark J.
AU - Meyer, Amanda J.
AU - Anderson, Karen S.
AU - Prasad, Vinayaka R.
PY - 2010/8
Y1 - 2010/8
N2 - Lys65 residue, in the fingers domain of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (RT), interacts with incoming dNTP in a sequence-independent fashion. We showed previously that a 5-amino-acid deletion spanning Lys65 and a K65A substitution both enhanced the fidelity of dNTP insertion. We hypothesized that the Lys65 residue enhances dNTP misinsertion via interactions with the λ -phosphate of the incoming dNTP. We now examine this hypothesis in pre-steady-state kinetic studies using wild-type human immunodeficiency virus-1 RT and two substitution mutants, K65A and K65R. K65R mutation did not greatly increase misinsertion fidelity, but K65A mutation led to higher incorporation fidelity. For a misinsertion to become a permanent error, it needs to be accompanied by the extension of the mispaired terminus thus formed. Both mutants and the wild-type enzyme discriminated against the mismatched primer at the catalytic step (kpol). Additionally, K65A and K65R mutants displayed a further decrease in mismatch extension efficiency, primarily at the level of dNTP binding. We employed hydroxyl radical footprinting to determine the position of the RT on the primer/template. The wild-type and Lys65-substituted enzymes occupied the same position at the primer terminus; the presence of a mismatched primer terminus caused all three enzymes to be displaced to a -2 position relative to the primer 3' end. In the context of an efficiently extended mismatched terminus, the presence of the next complementary nucleotide overcame the displacement, resulting in a complex resembling the matched terminus. The results are consistent with the observed reduction in kpol in mispaired primer extension being due to the position of the enzyme at a mismatched terminus. Our work shows the influence of the stabilizing interactions of Lys65 with the incoming dNTP on two different aspects of polymerase fidelity.
AB - Lys65 residue, in the fingers domain of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (RT), interacts with incoming dNTP in a sequence-independent fashion. We showed previously that a 5-amino-acid deletion spanning Lys65 and a K65A substitution both enhanced the fidelity of dNTP insertion. We hypothesized that the Lys65 residue enhances dNTP misinsertion via interactions with the λ -phosphate of the incoming dNTP. We now examine this hypothesis in pre-steady-state kinetic studies using wild-type human immunodeficiency virus-1 RT and two substitution mutants, K65A and K65R. K65R mutation did not greatly increase misinsertion fidelity, but K65A mutation led to higher incorporation fidelity. For a misinsertion to become a permanent error, it needs to be accompanied by the extension of the mispaired terminus thus formed. Both mutants and the wild-type enzyme discriminated against the mismatched primer at the catalytic step (kpol). Additionally, K65A and K65R mutants displayed a further decrease in mismatch extension efficiency, primarily at the level of dNTP binding. We employed hydroxyl radical footprinting to determine the position of the RT on the primer/template. The wild-type and Lys65-substituted enzymes occupied the same position at the primer terminus; the presence of a mismatched primer terminus caused all three enzymes to be displaced to a -2 position relative to the primer 3' end. In the context of an efficiently extended mismatched terminus, the presence of the next complementary nucleotide overcame the displacement, resulting in a complex resembling the matched terminus. The results are consistent with the observed reduction in kpol in mispaired primer extension being due to the position of the enzyme at a mismatched terminus. Our work shows the influence of the stabilizing interactions of Lys65 with the incoming dNTP on two different aspects of polymerase fidelity.
KW - HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
KW - NRTI resistance mutation
KW - Polymerase fidelity
KW - Pre-steady-state kinetics of HIV-1 RT
KW - Site-specific footprinting
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77954761712&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77954761712&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.06.001
DO - 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.06.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 20538005
AN - SCOPUS:77954761712
VL - 401
SP - 33
EP - 44
JO - Journal of Molecular Biology
JF - Journal of Molecular Biology
SN - 0022-2836
IS - 1
ER -