TY - JOUR
T1 - Insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects of thiazolidinediones are heightened in obese patients
AU - Esterson, Yonah B.
AU - Zhang, Kehao
AU - Koppaka, Sudha
AU - Kehlenbrink, Sylvia
AU - Kishore, Preeti
AU - Raghavan, Pooja
AU - Maginley, Sylvan Roger
AU - Carey, Michelle
AU - Hawkins, Meredith A.
PY - 2013/1/1
Y1 - 2013/1/1
N2 - Objective: The American Diabetes Association has called for further research on how patients' demographics should determine drug choices for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, using indepth physiology studies, we investigate whether obese patients with T2DM are likely to benefit from thiazolidinediones, medications with a known adverse effect of weight gain. Materials and Methods: Eleven obese and 7 nonobese individuals with T2DM participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind, crossover study. Each subject underwent a pair of "stepped" pancreatic clamp studies with subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies after 21 days of pioglitazone (45 mg) or placebo. Results: Obese subjects demonstrated significant decreases in insulin resistance and many adipose inflammatory parameters with pioglitazone relative to placebo. Specifically, significant improvements in glucose infusion rates, suppression of hepatic glucose production, and whole fat expression of certain inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1B, and inducible nitric oxide synthase) were observed in the obese subjects but not in the nonobese subjects. Additionally, adipose tissue from the obese subjects demonstrated reduced infiltration of macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils as well as increased expression of factors associated with fat "browning" (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α and uncoupling protein-1). Conclusions: These findings support the efficacy of pioglitazone to improve insulin resistance and reduce adipose tissue inflammation in obese patients with T2DM.
AB - Objective: The American Diabetes Association has called for further research on how patients' demographics should determine drug choices for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, using indepth physiology studies, we investigate whether obese patients with T2DM are likely to benefit from thiazolidinediones, medications with a known adverse effect of weight gain. Materials and Methods: Eleven obese and 7 nonobese individuals with T2DM participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind, crossover study. Each subject underwent a pair of "stepped" pancreatic clamp studies with subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies after 21 days of pioglitazone (45 mg) or placebo. Results: Obese subjects demonstrated significant decreases in insulin resistance and many adipose inflammatory parameters with pioglitazone relative to placebo. Specifically, significant improvements in glucose infusion rates, suppression of hepatic glucose production, and whole fat expression of certain inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1B, and inducible nitric oxide synthase) were observed in the obese subjects but not in the nonobese subjects. Additionally, adipose tissue from the obese subjects demonstrated reduced infiltration of macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils as well as increased expression of factors associated with fat "browning" (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α and uncoupling protein-1). Conclusions: These findings support the efficacy of pioglitazone to improve insulin resistance and reduce adipose tissue inflammation in obese patients with T2DM.
KW - Adipose tissue inflammation
KW - Insulin resistance
KW - Obesity
KW - Pioglitazone
KW - Type 2 diabetes
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U2 - 10.2310/JIM.0000000000000017
DO - 10.2310/JIM.0000000000000017
M3 - Article
SN - 1708-8267
VL - 61
SP - 1152
EP - 1160
JO - Journal of Investigative Medicine
JF - Journal of Investigative Medicine
IS - 8
ER -