TY - JOUR
T1 - Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer
AU - Crosbie, Emma J.
AU - Einstein, Mark H.
AU - Franceschi, Silvia
AU - Kitchener, Henry C.
N1 - Funding Information:
HCK and EJC are funded by the University of Manchester, UK. MHE is funded by the US National Institutes of Health. SF is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus infection. Most human papillomavirus infection is harmless and clears spontaneously but persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (especially type 16) can cause cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis, and oropharynx. The virus exclusively infects epithelium and produces new viral particles only in fully mature epithelial cells. Human papillomavirus disrupts normal cell-cycle control, promoting uncontrolled cell division and the accumulation of genetic damage. Two effective prophylactic vaccines composed of human papillomavirus type 16 and 18, and human papillomavirus type 16, 18, 6, and 11 virus-like particles have been introduced in many developed countries as a primary prevention strategy. Human papillomavirus testing is clinically valuable for secondary prevention in triaging low-grade cytology and as a test of cure after treatment. More sensitive than cytology, primary screening by human papillomavirus testing could enable screening intervals to be extended. If these prevention strategies can be implemented in developing countries, many thousands of lives could be saved.
AB - Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus infection. Most human papillomavirus infection is harmless and clears spontaneously but persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (especially type 16) can cause cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis, and oropharynx. The virus exclusively infects epithelium and produces new viral particles only in fully mature epithelial cells. Human papillomavirus disrupts normal cell-cycle control, promoting uncontrolled cell division and the accumulation of genetic damage. Two effective prophylactic vaccines composed of human papillomavirus type 16 and 18, and human papillomavirus type 16, 18, 6, and 11 virus-like particles have been introduced in many developed countries as a primary prevention strategy. Human papillomavirus testing is clinically valuable for secondary prevention in triaging low-grade cytology and as a test of cure after treatment. More sensitive than cytology, primary screening by human papillomavirus testing could enable screening intervals to be extended. If these prevention strategies can be implemented in developing countries, many thousands of lives could be saved.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84883554720&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84883554720&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60022-7
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60022-7
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23618600
AN - SCOPUS:84883554720
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 382
SP - 889
EP - 899
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
IS - 9895
ER -