TY - JOUR
T1 - Human embryonic stem cells in culture possess primary cilia with hedgehog signaling machinery
AU - Kiprilov, Enko N.
AU - Awan, Aashir
AU - Desprat, Romain
AU - Velho, Michelle
AU - Clement, Christian A.
AU - Byskov, Anne Grete
AU - Andersen, Claus Y.
AU - Satir, Peter
AU - Bouhassira, Eric E.
AU - Christensen, Søren T.
AU - Hirsch, Rhoda Elison
PY - 2008/3/10
Y1 - 2008/3/10
N2 - Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are potential therapeutic tools and models of human development. With a growing interest in primary cilia in signal transduction pathways that are crucial for embryological development and tissue differentiation and interest in mechanisms regulating human hESC differentiation, demonstrating the existence of primary cilia and the localization of signaling components in undifferentiated hESCs establishes a mechanistic basis for the regulation of hESC differentiation. Using electron microscopy (EM), immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopies, we show that primary cilia are present in three undifferentiated hESC lines. EM reveals the characteristic 9 + 0 axoneme. The number and length of cilia increase after serum starvation. Important components of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway, including smoothened, patched 1 (Ptc1), and Gli1 and 2, are present in the cilia. Stimulation of the pathway results in the concerted movement of Ptc1 out of, and smoothened into, the primary cilium as well as up-regulation of GLI1 and PTC1. These findings show that hESCs contain primary cilia associated with working Hh machinery.
AB - Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are potential therapeutic tools and models of human development. With a growing interest in primary cilia in signal transduction pathways that are crucial for embryological development and tissue differentiation and interest in mechanisms regulating human hESC differentiation, demonstrating the existence of primary cilia and the localization of signaling components in undifferentiated hESCs establishes a mechanistic basis for the regulation of hESC differentiation. Using electron microscopy (EM), immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopies, we show that primary cilia are present in three undifferentiated hESC lines. EM reveals the characteristic 9 + 0 axoneme. The number and length of cilia increase after serum starvation. Important components of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway, including smoothened, patched 1 (Ptc1), and Gli1 and 2, are present in the cilia. Stimulation of the pathway results in the concerted movement of Ptc1 out of, and smoothened into, the primary cilium as well as up-regulation of GLI1 and PTC1. These findings show that hESCs contain primary cilia associated with working Hh machinery.
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U2 - 10.1083/jcb.200706028
DO - 10.1083/jcb.200706028
M3 - Article
C2 - 18332216
AN - SCOPUS:40849142136
SN - 0021-9525
VL - 180
SP - 897
EP - 904
JO - Journal of Cell Biology
JF - Journal of Cell Biology
IS - 5
ER -