Head and neck applications of the milliwatt laser

The head and neck surgeon often uses the carbon dioxide laser. With the advent of new instrumentation, the frequency of usage will increase. The CO₂ miliwatt laser offers the adventages of tissue welding, as well as cutting and ablation by virtue of the small spot size produced combined with low power output. Potential applications include microvascular and microneural anastomoses. The milliwatt laser can be used endoscopically for tissue resection with a high degree of precision with power densities comparable to current CO₂ lasers. Moreover, the milliwatt laser can be applied to otology for cutting and welding of the tympanic membrane, tissue removal, and stapedotomy.