TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender differences in the pathogenesis and outcome of lupus and of lupus nephritis
AU - Schwartzman-Morris, Julie
AU - Putterman, Chaim
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) typically affects females at far greater rates than males; however male SLE patients often have more severe disease than females. The gender disparities have been reported in clinical manifestations and in serological and hematological indices as well. In particular, SLE complicated with nephritis is more frequent in men than women, and several groups identified male gender as a risk factor for progression to renal failure. The specific differences in pathogenesis amongst genders have yet to be conclusively defined, though genetic, hormonal, and immune responses have been analyzed thus far. Further research is warranted to further elucidate these differences and permit the development of gender-tailored treatment regimens.
AB - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) typically affects females at far greater rates than males; however male SLE patients often have more severe disease than females. The gender disparities have been reported in clinical manifestations and in serological and hematological indices as well. In particular, SLE complicated with nephritis is more frequent in men than women, and several groups identified male gender as a risk factor for progression to renal failure. The specific differences in pathogenesis amongst genders have yet to be conclusively defined, though genetic, hormonal, and immune responses have been analyzed thus far. Further research is warranted to further elucidate these differences and permit the development of gender-tailored treatment regimens.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84862294227&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84862294227&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1155/2012/604892
DO - 10.1155/2012/604892
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22690240
AN - SCOPUS:84862294227
SN - 1740-2522
VL - 2012
JO - Clinical and Developmental Immunology
JF - Clinical and Developmental Immunology
M1 - 604892
ER -