TY - JOUR
T1 - Extranodal Extension as an Indicator for Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis
AU - Tseng, Christopher C.
AU - Gao, Jeff
AU - Barinsky, Gregory L.
AU - Fang, Christina H.
AU - Grube, Jordon G.
AU - Eloy, Jean Anderson
AU - Hsueh, Wayne Daniel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2021.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Objective: Although extranodal extension (ENE) is a known indicator of poor prognosis for head and neck malignancies, its value as an indicator for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not been well characterized. This study seeks to assess the usefulness of ENE as a prognostic marker for sinonasal SCC. Study Design: Retrospective database review. Setting: National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2015. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried from 2010 to 2015 for all patients with sinonasal SCC with available ENE status (n = 355). These cases were divided into those with pathologically confirmed ENE (n = 146) and those without ENE (n = 209). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine survival differences and predictors of ENE status. Results: Most patients with ENE were ≥60 years old (61.7%), male (61.6%), and white (83.6%). Patients aged 60 to 69 and 80+ years were more likely to have ENE than those under 60 years (P <.05). Patients with ENE had worse 1-year overall survival than those without ENE (58.2% vs 70.8%, log-rank P =.008). After multivariate regression, however, there was no survival difference detected between ENE-positive and ENE-negative cases (hazard ratio, 1.14 [0.775-1.672], P =.508). Conclusion: ENE status did not have a significant effect on survival in patients with sinonasal SCC. Thus, ENE alone may not necessarily be a helpful indicator for sinonasal SCC prognosis.
AB - Objective: Although extranodal extension (ENE) is a known indicator of poor prognosis for head and neck malignancies, its value as an indicator for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not been well characterized. This study seeks to assess the usefulness of ENE as a prognostic marker for sinonasal SCC. Study Design: Retrospective database review. Setting: National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2015. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried from 2010 to 2015 for all patients with sinonasal SCC with available ENE status (n = 355). These cases were divided into those with pathologically confirmed ENE (n = 146) and those without ENE (n = 209). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine survival differences and predictors of ENE status. Results: Most patients with ENE were ≥60 years old (61.7%), male (61.6%), and white (83.6%). Patients aged 60 to 69 and 80+ years were more likely to have ENE than those under 60 years (P <.05). Patients with ENE had worse 1-year overall survival than those without ENE (58.2% vs 70.8%, log-rank P =.008). After multivariate regression, however, there was no survival difference detected between ENE-positive and ENE-negative cases (hazard ratio, 1.14 [0.775-1.672], P =.508). Conclusion: ENE status did not have a significant effect on survival in patients with sinonasal SCC. Thus, ENE alone may not necessarily be a helpful indicator for sinonasal SCC prognosis.
KW - National Cancer Database
KW - extranodal extension
KW - head and neck cancer
KW - prognostic factors
KW - sinonasal malignancy
KW - squamous cell carcinoma
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U2 - 10.1177/0194599820987469
DO - 10.1177/0194599820987469
M3 - Article
C2 - 33557716
AN - SCOPUS:85101017739
SN - 0194-5998
VL - 165
SP - 438
EP - 445
JO - Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States)
JF - Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States)
IS - 3
ER -