@article{bf983d5f2d94471daca7ce8bac71d3df,
title = "Excess mortality among injection drug users with AIDS, New York city (1999-2004)",
abstract = "We calculated proportions and trends in contributing causes of death among persons with AIDS (PWA) and a history of injection drug use (IDU) in New York City and compared the proportions with those among PWA with a transmission risk of high-risk heterosexual sex (HRH) and men who have sex with men (MSM). We included all 10,575 injection drug user, HRH, and MSM residents aged 13+ years with AIDS reported by September 30, 2006, who died from 1999 through 2004. Accidental drug overdose was the most frequent contributing cause of death among IDUs (20.5%). Overdose prevention initiatives may greatly and immediately reduce deaths among PWA.",
keywords = "AIDS, cause of death, injection drug users, mortality, overdose, preventable death",
author = "Pfeiffer, {Melissa R.} and Hanna, {David B.} and Begier, {Elizabeth M.} and Sepkowitz, {Kent A.} and Regina Zimmerman and Sackoff, {Judith E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This analysis was supported by a cooperative agreement (U62/CCU223595) between the HIV Epidemiology Program of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a governmental organization. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors gratefully acknowledge the field surveillance and data support staff of the NYC DOHMH HIV Epidemiology Program, especially Lucia V. Torian for manuscript advice, Walter Smith for assistance with case reviews, and Sonny Ly for data management; the NYC DOHMH Office of Vital Statistics, particularly Wenhui Li and Tony Soto, for cause of death data and expertise; and Daliah Heller for providing guidance regarding harm reduction initiatives and manuscript review. Address correspondence to Melissa R. Pfeiffer, MPH, Bureau of Epidemiology Services, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 125 Worth Street, CN-6, New York, NY 10013; E-mail: mpfeiffe@health.nyc.gov. Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2011",
month = jan,
day = "10",
doi = "10.3109/10826084.2011.522850",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "46",
pages = "245--253",
journal = "Substance Use and Misuse",
issn = "1082-6084",
publisher = "Informa Healthcare",
number = "2-3",
}