Early post-operative coronary thrombosis following repair of a proximal coronary artery fistula

Patients with aneurysmal coronary artery fistulas are often a treatment challenge. We hereby, report a case of aneurysmal left main coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula repair, complicated by an early post-operative thrombosis of the left main coronary artery, necessitating an orthotropic heart transplant. Routine use of peri-procedural and long-term anti-coagulation is usually not a standard recommendation in these cases; however, early institution of the same may prevent flow stasis, thrombus formation and unfavorable outcomes pre- or post-operatively.