Cross-national examination of adolescent suicidal behavior: a pooled and multi-level analysis of 193,484 students from 53 LMIC countries

Anne Abio, Priscilla N. Owusu, Jussi P. Posti, Till Bärnighausen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Viswanathan Shankar, Michael Lowery Wilson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Introduction: Suicide is a leading cause of adolescent mortality worldwide. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify individual-level and country-level factors which might explain the variability in suicidal behavior among students in 53 low to middle income countries. Methods: We used data on adolescents aged 12–16 years from the Global School-based Student Health Surveys from 2009–2016. The suicidal behaviors investigated included suicide ideation, suicidal planning and suicide attempt. The prevalence was estimated for 53 countries, while a multilevel logistic regression analysis (33 countries) was used to investigate the associations of these behaviors with individual and country-level contextual risk factors. The contextual variables included the Gini Coefficient, Gross Domestic Product per capita, pupil-to-teacher ratios, population density, homicide rates, law criminalizing suicide and the night light index. Results: The overall prevalence of suicide ideation, making a plan and suicide attempt were 10.4%, 10.3% and 11.0%, respectively. The highest prevalence rates reported were from the Americas. The strongest risk factors associated with suicidal behavior included anxiety, loneliness, no close friends and the substance abuse. Among the country level variables, the night light index was associated with making a suicide plan and attempting suicide. Conclusion: The non-significant country level findings were not entirely surprising given the mixed results from prior studies. Additional knowledge is thus achieved with regard to country level factors associated with suicidal behavior across adolescent populations.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1603-1613
Number of pages11
JournalSocial Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Volume57
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2022

Keywords

  • Adolescents
  • Epidemiology
  • Low-income country
  • Mental health
  • Middle-income country
  • School health
  • Self-harm

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Epidemiology
  • Health(social science)
  • Social Psychology
  • Psychiatry and Mental health

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