Complete tracheal rings and hypoplastic left heart variant: A rare and fatal association

Congenital complete tracheal rings are usually associated with pulmonary slings. We report a rare association of congenital complete tracheal rings with hypoplastic left heart variant. A term infant with diagnosis of a mildly hypoplastic mitral valve, unicuspid aortic valve, and moderately hypoplastic aortic arch with severe coarctation underwent a hybrid procedure initially. Upon failing extubation attempts, complete tracheal rings were seen on direct laryngoscopy. The combination of the lesions resulted in a poor outcome. In patients with failure of extubation post-cardiac surgery, a diagnosis of complete tracheal rings should be included in the differential and a direct laryngoscopy should be considered.