Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of America

John R. Perfect, William E. Dismukes, Francoise Dromer, David L. Goldman, John R. Graybill, Richard J. Hamill, Thomas S. Harrison, Robert A. Larsen, Olivier Lortholary, Minh Hong Nguyen, Peter G. Pappas, William G. Powderly, Nina Singh, Jack D. Sobel, Tania C. Sorrell

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

1976 Scopus citations

Abstract

Cryptococcosis is a global invasive mycosis associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These guidelines for its management have been built on the previous Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines from 2000 and include new sections. There is a discussion of the management of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in 3 risk groups: (1) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, (2) organ transplant recipients, and (3) non-HIV-infected and nontransplant hosts. There are specific recommendations for other unique risk populations, such as children, pregnant women, persons in resource-limited environments, and those with Cryptococcus gattii infection. Recommendations for management also include other sites of infection, including strategies for pulmonary cryptococcosis. Emphasis has been placed on potential complications in management of cryptococcal infection, including increased intracranial pressure, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), drug resistance, and cryptococcomas. Three key management principles have been articulated: (1) induction therapy for meningoencephalitis using fungicidal regimens, such as a polyene and flucytosine, followed by suppressive regimens using fluconazole; (2) importance of early recognition and treatment of increased intracranial pressure and/or IRIS; and (3) the use of lipid formulations of amphotericin B regimens in patients with renal impairment. Cryptococcosis remains a challenging management issue, with little new drug development or recent definitive studies. However, if the diagnosis is made early, if clinicians adhere to the basic principles of these guidelines, and if the underlying disease is controlled, then cryptococcosis can be managed successfully in the vast majority of patients.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)291-322
Number of pages32
JournalClinical Infectious Diseases
Volume50
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 1 2010

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Microbiology (medical)
  • Infectious Diseases

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